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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2019). Study of the B-0 (770)degrees K-*(892)(0) decay with an amplitude analysis of B-0 ((+-))(K+pi(-)) decays. J. High Energy Phys., 05(5), 026–31pp.
Abstract: An amplitude analysis of B-0 ((+-))(K+-) decays is performed in the two-body invariant mass regions 300 < m((+-)) < 1100 MeV/c(2), accounting for the (0), , f(0)(500), f(0)(980) and f(0)(1370) resonances, and 750 < m(K+-) < 1200 MeV/c(2), which is dominated by the K-*(892)(0) meson. The analysis uses 3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The CP averages and asymmetries are measured for the magnitudes and phase differences of the con- tributing amplitudes. The CP-averaged longitudinal polarisation fractions of the vector-vector modes are found to be fK*0 = 0.164 +/- 0.015 +/- 0.022 and fK*0 = 0.68 +/- 0.17 +/- 0.16, and their CP asymmetries, AK*0 = -0.62 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.09 and AK*0 = -0.13 +/- 0.27 +/- 0.13, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
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Lopez-Honorez, L., Mena, O., Palomares-Ruiz, S., Villanueva-Domingo, P., & Witte, S. J. (2020). Variations in fundamental constants at the cosmic dawn. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 06(6), 026–25pp.
Abstract: The observation of space-time variations in fundamental constants would provide strong evidence for the existence of new light degrees of freedom in the theory of Nature. Robustly constraining such scenarios requires exploiting observations that span different scales and probe the state of the Universe at different epochs. In the context of cosmology, both the cosmic microwave background and the Lyman-a forest have proven to be powerful tools capable of constraining variations in electromagnetism, however at the moment there do not exist cosmological probes capable of bridging the gap between recombination and reionization. In the near future, radio telescopes will attempt to measure the 21 cm transition of neutral hydrogen during the epochs of reionization and the cosmic dawn (and potentially the tail end of the dark ages); being inherently sensitive to electromagnetic phenomena, these experiments will offer a unique perspective on space-time variations of the fine-structure constant and the electron mass. We show here that large variations in these fundamental constants would produce features on the 21 cm power spectrum that may be distinguishable from astrophysical uncertainties. Furthermore, we forecast the sensitivity for the Square Kilometer Array, and show that the 21 cm power spectrum may be able to constrain variations at the level of O(10(-3)).
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Barenboim, G., Blinov, N., & Stebbins, A. (2021). Smallest remnants of early matter domination. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 12(12), 026–50pp.
Abstract: The evolution of the universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis could have gone through a phase of early matter domination which enhanced the growth of small-scale dark matter structure. If this period was long enough, self-gravitating objects formed prior to reheating. We study the evolution of these dense early halos through reheating. At the end of early matter domination, the early halos undergo rapid expansion and eventually eject their matter. We find that this process washes out structure on scales much larger than naively expected from the size of the original halos. We compute the density profiles of the early halo remnants and use them to construct late-time power spectra that include these non-linear effects. We evolve the resulting power spectrum to estimate the properties of microhalos that would form after matter-radiation equality. Surprisingly, cosmologies with a short period of early matter domination lead to an earlier onset of microhalo formation compared to those with a long period. In either case, dark matter structure formation begins much earlier than in the standard cosmology, with most dark matter bound in microhalos in the late universe.
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KM3NeT Collaboration(Aiello, S. et al), Alves Garre, S., Calvo, D., Carretero, V., Colomer, M., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., et al. (2022). Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA. Eur. Phys. J. C, 82(1), 26–16pp.
Abstract: The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 sigma if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 sigma if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure Delta m(32)(2) and theta(23) were also estimated and found to be 85.10(-6) eV(2) and (<b>(+1.9)(-3.1))degrees for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10(-6) eV(2) and ((+2.0)(-7.0))degrees for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude (nu)over-left-right-arrow tau event rate variations larger than 20% at 3 sigma level.
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Penalva, N., Hernandez, E., & Nieves, J. (2022). Visible energy and angular distributions of the charged particle from the tau-decay in b -> C tau (mu(nu)over-bar(mu)nu(tau), pi nu(tau), rho nu(tau))(nu)over-bar(tau) reactions. J. High Energy Phys., 04(4), 026–25pp.
Abstract: We study the d(2)Gamma(d)/(d omega d cos theta(d) ), d Gamma(d)/d cos theta(d) and d Gamma(d)/dE(d) distributions, which are defined in terms of the visible energy and polar angle of the charged particle from the tau-decay in b -> C tau (mu(nu) over bar (mu)nu(tau), pi nu(tau), rho nu(tau))(nu) over bar (tau), reactions. These differential decay widths could be measured in the near future with certain precision. The first two contain information on the transverse tau-spin, tau-angular and tau-angular-spin asymmetries of the H-b -> H-c tau(nu) over bar (tau) parent decay and, from a dynamical point of view, they are richer than the commonly used one, d(2)Gamma(d)/(d omega dE(d)), since the latter only depends on the tau longitudinal polarization. We pay attention to the deviations with respect to the predictions of the standard model (SM) for these new observables, considering new physics (NP) operators constructed using both right- and left-handed neutrino fields, within an effective field-theory approach. We present results for Lambda(b) -> Lambda(c)tau (mu(nu) over bar (mu)nu(tau), pi nu(tau), rho nu(tau))(nu) over bar (tau) and (B) over bar -> D-(*()) tau (mu(nu) over bar (mu)nu(tau), pi nu(tau), rho nu(tau))(nu) over bar (tau) sequential decays and discuss their use to disentangle between different NP models. In this respect, we show that d Gamma(d)/d cos theta(d) , which should be measured with sufficiently good statistics, becomes quite useful, especially in the tau -> pi nu(tau) mode. The study carried out in this work could be of special relevance due to the recent LHCb measurement of the lepton flavor universality ratio R Lambda(c) in agreement with the SM. The experiment identified the tau using its hadron decay into pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)nu(tau), and this result for R Lambda(c )which is in conflict with the phenomenology from the b-meson sector, needs confirmation from other tau reconstruction channels.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Jashal, B. K., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., & Ruiz Vidal, J. (2022). Precision measurement of forward Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV. J. High Energy Phys., 07(7), 026–57pp.
Abstract: A precision measurement of the Z boson production cross-section at root s = 13 TeV in the forward region is presented, using pp collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb(-1). The production cross-section is measured using Z -> mu(+)mu(-) events within the fiducial region defined as pseudorapidity 2.0 < eta < 4.5 and transverse momentum p(T) > 20 GeV/c for both muons and dimuon invariant mass 60 < M-mu μ< 120 GeV/c(2). The integrated cross-section is determined to be sigma(Z -> mu(+)mu(-)) = 196.4 +/- 0.2 +/- 1.6 +/- 3.9 pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the luminosity determination. The measured results are in agreement with theoretical predictions within uncertainties.
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Boudet, S., Bombacigno, F., Moretti, F., & Olmo, G. J. (2023). Torsional birefringence in metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity: gravitational waves in late-time cosmology. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 01(1), 026–28pp.
Abstract: In the context of the metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity endowed with projective invariance, we derive analytical solutions for torsion and nonmetricity in the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological case, described by a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. We discuss in some details the general properties of the cosmological solutions in the presence of a perfect fluid, such as the dynamical stability and the emergence of big bounce points, and we examine the structure of some specific solutions reproducing de Sitter and power law behaviours for the scale factor. Then, we focus on first-order perturbations in the de Sitter scenario, and we study the propagation of gravitational waves in the adiabatic limit, looking at tensor and scalar polarizations. In particular, we find that metric tensor modes couple to torsion tensor components, leading to the appearance, as in the metric version of Chern-Simons gravity, of birefringence, characterized by different dispersion relations for the left and right circularized polarization states. As a result, the purely tensor part of torsion propagates like a wave, while nonmetricity decouples and behaves like a harmonic oscillator. Finally, we discuss scalar modes, outlining as they decay exponentially in time and do not propagate.
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KM3NeT Collaboration(Aiello, S. et al), Alves Garre, S., Bariego-Quintana, A., Calvo, D., Carretero, V., Garcia Soto, A., et al. (2024). Searches for neutrino counterparts of gravitational waves from the LIGO/Virgo third observing run with KM3NeT. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 04(4), 026–28pp.
Abstract: The KM3NeT neutrino telescope is currently being deployed at two different sites in the Mediterranean Sea. First searches for astrophysical neutrinos have been performed using data taken with the partial detector configuration already in operation. The paper presents the results of two independent searches for neutrinos from compact binary mergers detected during the third observing run of the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave interferometers. The first search looks for a global increase in the detector counting rates that could be associated with inverse beta decay events generated by MeV-scale electron anti -neutrinos. The second one focuses on upgoing track -like events mainly induced by muon (anti -)neutrinos in the GeV-TeV energy range. Both searches yield no significant excess for the sources in the gravitational wave catalogs. For each source, upper limits on the neutrino flux and on the total energy emitted in neutrinos in the respective energy ranges have been set. Stacking analyses of binary black hole mergers and neutron star -black hole mergers have also been performed to constrain the characteristic neutrino emission from these categories.
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Bhattacharya, A., Esmaili, A., Palomares-Ruiz, S., & Sarcevic, I. (2017). Probing decaying heavy dark matter with the 4-year IceCube HESE data. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 07(7), 027–36pp.
Abstract: After the first four years of data taking, the IceCube neutrino telescope has observed 54 high-energy starting events (HESE) with deposited energies between 20TeV and 2PeV. The background from atmospheric muons and neutrinos is expected to be of about 20 events, all below 100TeV, thus pointing towards the astrophysical origin of about 8 events per year in that data set. However, their precise origin remains unknown. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of this event sample (considering simultaneously the energy, hemisphere and topology of the events) by assuming two contributions for the signal events: an isotropic power-law flux and a flux from decaying heavy dark matter. We fit the mass and lifetime of the dark matter and the normalization and spectral index of an isotropic power-law flux, for various decay channels of dark matter. We find that a significant contribution from dark matter decay is always slightly favored, either to explain the excess below 100TeV, as in the case of decays to quarks or, as in the case of neutrino channels, to explain the three multi-PeV events. Also, we consider the possibility to interpret all the data by dark matter decays only, considering various combinations of two decay channels. We show that the decaying dark matter scenario provides a better fit to HESE data than the isotropic power-law flux.
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LHCb Collaboration(Aaij, R. et al), Garcia Martin, L. M., Henry, L., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Remon Alepuz, C., et al. (2017). Updated branching fraction measurements of B-(s)(0) -> K(S)(0)h(+)h'(-) decays. J. High Energy Phys., 11(11), 027–42pp.
Abstract: The charmless three-body decays B-(s)(0) -> K(S)(0)h(+)h '(-) (where h((')) – pi, K) are analysed using a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1). The branching fractions are measured relative to that of the B-0 -> K-S(0) pi(+)pi(-) decay, and are determined to be: B(B-0 -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+))/B(B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) = 0.123 +/- 0.009 (stat) +/- 0.015 (syst), B(B-0 -> (KSK+K-)-K-0)/B(B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) = 0.549 +/- 0.018 (stat) +/- 0.033 (syst), B(B-S(0) -> K-S(0) pi(+)pi(-))/B(B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-)) = 0.191 +/- 0.027 (stat) +/- 0.031 (syst) +/- 0.011 (f(s)/f(d)), B(B-0 -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+))/B(B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) = 1.70 +/- 0.07 (stat) +/- 0.11 (syst) +/- 0.10 (f(s)/f(d)), B(B-0 -> (KSK+K-)-K-0)/B(B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) is an element of [0.008 – 0.051] at 90% confidence level, where f(s)/f(d) represents the ratio of hadronisation fractions of the B-s(0) and B-0 mesons.
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