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Amaldi, U., Bonomi, R., Braccini, S., Crescenti, M., Degiovanni, A., Garlasche, M., et al. (2010). Accelerators for hadrontherapy: From Lawrence cyclotrons to linacs. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 620(2-3), 563–577.
Abstract: Hadrontherapy with protons and carbon ions is a fast developing methodology in radiation oncology. The accelerators used and planned for this purpose are reviewed starting from the cyclotrons used in the thirties. As discussed in the first part of this paper, normal and superconducting cyclotrons are still employed, together with synchrotrons, for proton therapy while for carbon ion therapy synchrotrons have been till now the only option. The latest developments concern a superconducting cyclotron for carbon ion therapy, fast-cycling high frequency linacs and 'single room' proton therapy facilities. These issues are discussed in the second part of the paper by underlining the present challenges, in particular the treatment of moving organs.
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BABAR Collaboration(Aubert, B. et al), Azzolini, V., Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., Milanes, D. A., & Oyanguren, A. (2010). Measurements of Charged Current Lepton Universality and vertical bar V-us vertical bar Using Tau Lepton Decays to e(-)(nu)over-bar(e)nu(tau), mu(-)(nu)over-bar(mu)nu(tau), pi(-)nu(tau), and K-nu(tau). Phys. Rev. Lett., 105(5), 051602–8pp.
Abstract: Using 467 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data collected with the BABAR detector, we measure B(tau(-)->mu(-)(nu) over bar (mu)nu(tau))/B(tau(-)-> e(-)(nu) over bar (e)nu(tau)) = (0.9796 +/- 0.0016 +/- 0.0036), B(tau(-)->pi(-)nu(tau))/B(tau(-)-> e(-)nu(e)nu(tau)) = (0.5945 +/- 0.0014 +/- 0.0061), and B(tau(-)-> K-nu(tau))/B(tau(-)-> e(-)nu(e)nu(tau)) = (0.03882 +/- 0.00032 +/- 0.00057), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. From these precision similar to measurements, we test the standard model assumption of μ- e and tau – μcharge current lepton universality and provide determinations of vertical bar V-us vertical bar experimentally independent of the decay of a kaon.
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Gonzalez-Alonso, M., Pich, A., & Prades, J. (2010). Pinched weights and duality violation in QCD sum rules: A critical analysis. Phys. Rev. D, 82(1), 014019–7pp.
Abstract: We analyze the so-called pinched weights, that are generally thought to reduce the violation of quarkhadron duality in finite-energy sum rules. After showing how this is not true in general, we explain how to address this question for the left-right correlator and any particular pinched weight, taking advantage of our previous work [1], where the possible high-energy behavior of the left-right spectral function was studied. In particular, we show that the use of pinched weights allows to determine with high accuracy the dimension six and eight contributions in the operator-product expansion, O-6 = (-4.3(-0.7)(+0.9)) x 10(-3) GeV6 and O-8 = (-7.2(-5.3)(+4.2)) x 10(-3) GeV8.
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BABAR Collaboration(del Amo Sanchez, P. et al), Azzolini, V., Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., Milanes, D. A., & Oyanguren, A. (2010). B-meson decays to eta ' rho, eta ' f(0), and eta ' K*. Phys. Rev. D, 82(1), 011502–8pp.
Abstract: We present measurements of B-meson decays to the final states eta'rho, eta'f(0), and eta'K*, where K* stands for a vector, scalar, or tensor strange meson. We observe a significant signal or evidence for eta'rho(+) and all the eta'K* channels. We also measure, where applicable, the charge asymmetries, finding results consistent with no direct CP violation in all cases. The measurements are performed on a data sample consisting of 467 X 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Our results favor the theoretical predictions from perturbative QCD and QCD factorization and we observe an enhancement of the tensor K-2*(1430) with respect to the vector K*(892) component.
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Albertus, C., Aoki, Y., Boyle, P. A., Christ, N. H., Dumitrescu, T. T., Flynn, J. M., et al. (2010). Neutral B-meson mixing from unquenched lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and static b quarks. Phys. Rev. D, 82(1), 014505–29pp.
Abstract: We demonstrate a method for calculating the neutral B-meson decay constants and mixing matrix elements in unquenched lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and static b-quarks. Our computation is performed on the "2 + 1'' flavor gauge configurations generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations with a lattice spacing of a approximate to 0.11 fm (a(-1) = 1.729 GeV) and a lattice spatial volume of approximately (1.8 fm)(3). We simulate at three different light sea quark masses with pion masses down to approximately 430 MeV, and extrapolate to the physical quark masses using a phenomenologically-motivated fit function based on next-to-leading order heavy-light meson SU(2) chiral perturbation theory. For the b-quarks, we use an improved formulation of the Eichten-Hill action with static link-smearing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. We also improve the heavy-light axial current used to compute the B-meson decay constant to O(alpha(s)pa) using one-loop lattice perturbation theory. We present initial results for the SU(3)-breaking ratios f(Bs)/f(Bd) and xi = f(Bs)root B-Bs/f(Bd)root B-Bd, thereby demonstrating the viability of the method. For the ratio of decay constants, we find f(Bs)/f(Bd) = 1.15(12) and for the ratio of mixing matrix elements, we find xi = 1.13(12), where in both cases the errors reflect the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties, including an estimate of the size of neglected O(1/m(b)) effects.
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