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Author  |
Oliver, S.; Rodriguez Bosca, S.; Gimenez-Alventosa, V. |
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Title |
Enabling particle transport on CAD-based geometries for radiation simulations with penRed |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
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Volume |
298 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109091 - 11pp |
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Keywords |
Radiation transport; PENELOPE physics; Monte Carlo simulation; PenRed; CAD; Triangular surface mesh |
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Abstract |
Geometry construction is a fundamental aspect of any radiation transport simulation, regardless of the Monte Carlo code being used. Typically, this process is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. The conventional approach involves defining geometries using mathematical objects or surfaces. However, this method comes with several limitations, especially when dealing with complex models, particularly those with organic shapes. Furthermore, since each code employs its own format and methodology for defining geometries, sharing and reproducing simulations among researchers becomes a challenging task. Consequently, many codes have implemented support for simulating over geometries constructed via Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. Unfortunately, this feature is lacking in penRed and other PENELOPE physics-based codes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to implement such support within the penRed framework. New version program summary Program Title: Parallel Engine for Radiation Energy Deposition (penRed) CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/rkw6tvtngy.2 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/PenRed/PenRed Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean.com/capsule/1041417/tree Licensing provisions: GNU Affero General Public License v3 Programming language: C++ standard 2011. Journal reference of previous version: V. Gimenez-Alventosa, V. Gimenez Gomez, S. Oliver, PenRed: An extensible and parallel Monte-Carlo framework for radiation transport based on PENELOPE, Computer Physics Communications 267 (2021) 108065. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108065. Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Reasons for the new version: Implements the capability to simulate on CAD constructed geometries, among many other features and fixes. Summary of revisions: All changes applied through the code versions are summarized in the file CHANGELOG.md in the repository package. Nature of problem: While Monte Carlo codes have proven valuable in simulating complex radiation scenarios, they rely heavily on accurate geometrical representations. In the same way as many other Monte Carlo codes, penRed employs simple geometric quadric surfaces like planes, spheres and cylinders to define geometries. However, since these geometric models offer a certain level of flexibility, these representations have limitations when it comes to simulating highly intricate and irregular shapes. Anatomic structures, for example, require detailed representations of organs, tissues and bones, which are difficult to achieve using basic geometric objects. Similarly, complex devices or intricate mechanical systems may have designs that cannot be accurately represented within the constraints of such geometric models. Moreover, when the complexity of the model increases, geometry construction process becomes more difficult, tedious, time-consuming and error-prone [2]. Also, as each Monte Carlo geometry library uses its own format and construction method, reproducing the same geometry among different codes is a challenging task. Solution method: To face the problems stated above, the objective of this work is to implement the capability to simulate using irregular and adaptable meshed geometries in the penRed framework. This kind of meshes can be constructed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools, the use of which is very widespread and streamline the design process. This feature has been implemented in a new geometry module named “MESH_BODY” specific for this kind of geometries. This one is freely available and usable within the official penRed package1. It can be used since penRed version 1.9.3b and above. |
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[Oliver, S.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Seguridad Ind Radiofis & Medioambiental ISIRY, Cami Vera S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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0010-4655 |
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WOS:001172840800001 |
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no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6077 |
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Oberhauser, B.B.; Bisio, P.; Celentano, A.; Depero, E.; Dusaev, R.R.; Kirpichnikov, D.V.; Kirsanov, M.M.; Krasnikove, N.V.; Marini, A.; Marsicano, L.; Molina-Bueno, L.; Mongillo, M.; Shchukin, D.; Sieber, H.; Voronchikhin, I.V. |
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Title |
Development of the fully Geant4 compatible package for the simulation of Dark Matter in fixed target experiments |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
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Volume |
300 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109199 - 11pp |
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Keywords |
Simulation; DarkMatter; Geant4 |
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Abstract |
The search for new comparably light (well below the electroweak scale) feebly interacting particles is an exciting possibility to explain some mysterious phenomena in physics, among them the origin of Dark Matter. The sensitivity study through detailed simulation of projected experiments is a key point in estimating their potential for discovery. Several years ago we created the DMG4 package for the simulation of DM (Dark Matter) particles in fixed target experiments. The natural approach is to integrate this simulation into the same program that performs the full simulation of particles in the experiment setup. The Geant4 toolkit framework was chosen as the most popular and versatile solution nowadays. The simulation of DM particles production by this package accommodates several possible scenarios, employing electron, muon or photon beams and involving various mediators, such as vector, axial vector, scalar, pseudoscalar, or spin 2 particles. The bremsstrahlung, annihilation or Primakoff processes can be simulated. The package DMG4 contains a subpackage DarkMatter with cross section methods weakly connected to Geant4. It can be used in different frameworks. In this paper, we present the latest developments of the package, such as extending the list of possible mediator particle types, refining formulas for the simulation and extending the mediator mass range. The user interface is also made more flexible and convenient. In this work, we also demonstrate the usage of the package, the improvements in the simulation accuracy and some cross check validations. Program summary Program title: DMG4 CPC Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10 .17632 /cmr4bcrj6j .1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3 Programming language: c++ Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 269 (2021) 108129 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Reasons for the new version: Numerous developments, addition of new features Summary of revisions: WW approximation cross sections for the muon beam are implemented and cross-checked, models with semivisible A ' (inelastic Dark Matter) and spin 2 mediators are added. The range of possible mediator masses is extended. Several important improvements for the annihilation processes are made, the number of possible annihilation processes is extended. User interface is improved. Several bugs are fixed. Nature of problem: For the simulation of Dark Matter production processes in fixed target experiments a code that can be easily integrated in programs for the full simulation of experimental setup is needed. Solution method: A fully Geant4 compatible DM simulation package DMG4 was presented in 2020. We present numerous further developments of this package. |
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[Oberhauser, B. Banto; Depero, E.; Mongillo, M.; Sieber, H.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys & Astrophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Email: mikhail.kirsanov@cern.ch |
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Elsevier |
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0010-4655 |
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WOS:001292485100001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6232 |
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Author |
Martin Lozano, V.; Sanda Seoane, R.M.; Zurita, J. |
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Title |
Z'-explorer 2.0: Reconnoitering the dark matter landscape |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
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Volume |
288 |
Issue |
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Pages |
108729 - 14pp |
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Keywords |
LHC; New physics; Exclusion limits; Dark matter |
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Abstract |
We introduce version 2.0 of Z'-explorer, a software tool that provides a simple, fast, and user-friendly test of models with an extra U (1) gauge boson (Z') against experimental LHC results. The main novelty of the second version is the inclusion of missing energy searches, as the first version only included final states into SM particles. Hence Z'-explorer 2.0 is able to test dark matter models where the Z' acts as an s-channel mediator between the Standard Model and the dark sector, a widespread benchmark employed by the ATLAS and CMS experimental collaborations. To this end, we perform here the first public reinterpretation of the most recent ATLAS mono-jet search with 139 fb-1. In addition, the corresponding searches in the visible final states have also been updated. We illustrate the power of our code by re -obtaining public plots and also showing novel results. In particular, we study the cases where the Z' couples strongly to top quarks (top-philic), where dark matter couples with a mixture of vector and axial-vector couplings, and also perform a scan in the parameter space of a string inspired Stuckelberg model. Z'-explorer 2.0 is publicly available on GitHub. Program summary Program Title: Z'-explorer 2.0 CPC Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10 .17632 /k7tdp8kwgf .2 Developer's repository link: https://github .com /ro -sanda /Z--explorer-2 .0 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ and bash Nature of problem: New SM neutral gauge bosons, Z', are ubiquitously present in models of New Physics. In order to confront these models versus a large and ever-growing library of LHC searches, Z'-explorer 1.0 had already included all final states including Standard Model particles. Notably, the previous version of this tool lacked the so-called invisible final states manifested as a momentum imbalance in the transverse plane (“missing energy”). These searches help to probe mediators into a dark sector, where a dark matter candidate resides. Solution method: Z'-explorer encodes the production cross sections for Z' bosons at the LHC as a function of their mass, allowing for a fast evaluation of the exclusion limits. This version of Z'-explorer includes a careful validation of the latest search with one energetic jet (mono-jet) performed by the ATLAS collaboration. Hence one can now test if a given point in parameter space is excluded by both visible and invisible searches. The modular structure of the code has been kept, which allows for potential additions (low-energy constraints, flavor, extrapolation to future colliders). |
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[Lozano, Victor Martin] DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany, Email: victor.lozano@desy.de; |
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Elsevier |
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0010-4655 |
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WOS:000969171700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5515 |
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KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Calvo, D.; Coleiro, A.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
The Control Unit of the KM3NeT Data Acquisition System |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
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Volume |
256 |
Issue |
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Pages |
107433 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
KM3NeT; Data acquisition control; Neutrino detector; Astroparticle detector; 07.05.Hd; 29.85.Ca |
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Abstract |
The KM3NeT Collaboration runs a multi-site neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. Water Cherenkov particle detectors, deep in the sea and far off the coasts of France and Italy, are already taking data while incremental construction progresses. Data Acquisition Control software is operating off-shore detectors as well as testing and qualification stations for their components. The software, named Control Unit, is highly modular. It can undergo upgrades and reconfiguration with the acquisition running. Interplay with the central database of the Collaboration is obtained in a way that allows for data taking even if Internet links fail. In order to simplify the management of computing resources in the long term, and to cope with possible hardware failures of one or more computers, the KM3NeT Control Unit software features a custom dynamic resource provisioning and failover technology, which is especially important for ensuring continuity in case of rare transient events in multi-messenger astronomy. The software architecture relies on ubiquitous tools and broadly adopted technologies and has been successfully tested on several operating systems. |
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[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: cbozza@unisa.it; |
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Elsevier |
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0010-4655 |
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WOS:000590251400011 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4616 |
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KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Embedded software of the KM3NeT central logic board |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
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Volume |
296 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109036 - 15pp |
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Keywords |
Embedded software; Neutrino detectors; Synchronization networks |
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Abstract |
The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes. Program summary Program title: Embedded software for the KM3NeT CLB CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/s847hpsns4.1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3 Programming language: C Nature of problem: The challenge for the embedded software in the KM3NeT neutrino telescope lies in orchestrating the Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) to achieve the synchronized data acquisition of the incoming optical signals. The DOMs are the crucial component responsible for capturing neutrino interactions deep underwater. The embedded software must configure and precisely time the operation of each DOM. Any deviation or timing mismatch could compromise data integrity, undermining the scientific value of the experiment. Therefore, the embedded software plays a critical role in coordinating, synchronizing, and operating these modules, ensuring they work in unison to capture and process neutrino signals accurately, ultimately advancing our understanding of fundamental particles in the Universe. Solution method: The embedded software on the DOMs provides a solution based on a C-based bare-metal application, operating without a real-time embedded OS. It is loaded into the RAM during FPGA configuration, consuming less than 256 kB of RAM. The software architecture comprises two layers: system software and application. The former offers OS-like features, including a multitasking scheduler, firmware updates, peripheral drivers, a UDP-based network stack, and error handling utilities. The application layer contains a state machine ensuring consistent program states. It is navigated via slow control events, including external inputs and autonomous responses. Subsystems within the application code control specific acquisition electronics components via the associated driver abstractions. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: Due to the operation conditions of the neutrino telescope, where access is restricted, the embedded software implements a fail-safe procedure to reconfigure the firmware where the embedded software runs. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: km3net-pc@km3net.de; |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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0010-4655 |
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Notes |
WOS:001162587500001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5961 |
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