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Author (down) Zornoza, J.D. doi  openurl
  Title Review on Indirect Dark Matter Searches with Neutrino Telescopes Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Universe Abbreviated Journal Universe  
  Volume 7 Issue 11 Pages 415 - 10pp  
  Keywords dark matter; neutrino telescopes; IceCube; ANTARES; KM3NeT; SuperK  
  Abstract The search for dark matter is one of the hottest topics in Physics today. The fact that about 80% of the matter of the Universe is of unknown nature has triggered an intense experimental activity to detect this kind of matter and a no less intense effort on the theory side to explain it. Given the fact that we do not know the properties of dark matter well, searches from different fronts are mandatory. Neutrino telescopes are part of this experimental quest and offer specific advantages. Among the targets to look for dark matter, the Sun and the Galactic Center are the most promising ones. Considering models of dark matter densities in the Sun, neutrino telescopes have put the best limits on spin-dependent cross section of proton-WIMP scattering. Moreover, they are competitive in the constraints on the thermally averaged annihilation cross-section for high WIMP masses when looking at the Galactic Centre. Other results are also reviewed.  
  Address [de Dios Zornoza, Juan] IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular UV CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: zornoza@ific.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mdpi Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000723346500001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5044  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) Real, D.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Diaz, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Calvo, D. doi  openurl
  Title The Neutrino Mediterranean Observatory Laser Beacon: Design and Qualification Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Applied Sciences-Basel Abbreviated Journal Appl. Sci.-Basel  
  Volume 13 Issue 17 Pages 9935 - 16pp  
  Keywords neutrino telescope; time calibration; laser beacon  
  Abstract This paper encapsulates details of the NEMO laser beacon's design, offering a profound contribution to the field of the time calibration of underwater neutrino telescopes. The mechanical design of the laser beacon, which operates at a depth of 3500 m, is presented, together with the design of the antibiofouling system employed to endure the operational pressure and optimize the operational range, enhancing its functionality and enabling time calibration among multiple towers. A noteworthy innovation central to this development lies in the battery system. This configuration enhances the device's portability, a crucial aspect in underwater operations. The comprehensive design of the laser beacon, encompassing the container housing, the requisite battery system for operation, electronics, and an effective antibiofouling system, is described in this paper. Additionally, this paper presents the findings of the laser beacon's qualification process.  
  Address [Real, Diego; Losa, Agustin Sanchez; Greus, Francisco Salesa; Calvo, David] CSIC Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mdpi Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:001063704500001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5668  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Zornoza, J.D.; Manzaneda, M.; Gozzini, R.; Ricolfe-Viala, C.; Lajara, R.; Albiol, F. doi  openurl
  Title Fast Coincidence Filter for Silicon Photomultiplier Dark Count Rate Rejection Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal Sensors  
  Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 2084 - 12pp  
  Keywords time-to-digital converters; neutrino telescopes; silicon photomultipliers; dark noise rate filtering  
  Abstract Silicon Photomultipliers find applications across various fields. One potential Silicon Photomultiplier application domain is neutrino telescopes, where they may enhance the angular resolution. However, the elevated dark count rate associated with Silicon Photomultipliers represents a significant challenge to their widespread utilization. To address this issue, it is proposed to use Silicon Photomultipliers and Photomultiplier Tubes together. The Photomultiplier Tube signals serve as a trigger to mitigate the dark count rate, thereby preventing undue saturation of the available bandwidth. This paper presents an investigation into a fast and resource-efficient method for filtering the Silicon Photomultiplier dark count rate. A low-resource and fast coincident filter has been developed, which removes the Silicon Photomultiplier dark count rate by using as a trigger the Photomultiplier Tube input signals. The architecture of the coincidence filter, together with the first results obtained, which validate the effectiveness of this method, is presented.  
  Address [Real, Diego; Calvo, David; Zornoza, Juan de Dios; Manzaneda, Mario; Gozzini, Rebecca; Albiol, Francisco] CSIC Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mdpi Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:001201226600001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6063  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Diaz, A.; Alves Garre, S.; Carretero, V.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Salesa Greus, F. doi  openurl
  Title An Ultra-Narrow Time Optical Pulse Emitter Based on a Laser: UNTOPEL Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.  
  Volume 70 Issue 10 Pages 2364-2372  
  Keywords Instrumentation electronics; neutrino telescope instrumentation; subnanosecond light source; time calibration instrument  
  Abstract Light sources that emit repetitive subnanosecond pulses are used in neutrino telescopes for time calibration. Optical pulses with an ultra-narrow (subnanosecond) width can replicate the light produced by neutrino interactions, and are an important calibration and test element. By measuring the time-of-flight of the light, it is possible to provide a relative time calibration for all the detector photomultipliers. This work presents the ultra-narrow time optical pulse emitter based on a laser (UNTOPEL), an instrument emitting ultra-short laser optical pulses with a duration of 500 ps, energies per pulse of four microjoules at a wavelength of 532 nm, and a timing precision of 400 ps. The UNTOPEL pulse intensity can be fine-tuned, which is a novelty and a significant advantage in those applications that need to illuminate light detectors located at different distances with the same light intensity. The UNTOPEL pulse intensity can be controlled remotely, allowing for its use in operating conditions where physical access is impossible or difficult. Moreover, it is easy to operate and can be easily controlled through an inter-integrated circuit bus. The UNTOPEL is a sound instrument used when subnanosecond pulses and variable energy emissions are needed.  
  Address [Real, Diego; Calvo, David; Garre, Sergio Alves; Carretero, Victor; Losa, Agustin Sanchez; Greus, FranciscoSalesa] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-9499 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:001098078200010 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5795  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) Real, D.; Calvo, D. doi  openurl
  Title Silicon Photomultipliers for Neutrino Telescopes Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Universe Abbreviated Journal Universe  
  Volume 9 Issue 7 Pages 326 - 14pp  
  Keywords silicon photomultipliers; neutrino telescopes; time to digital converters; electronics acquisition  
  Abstract Neutrino astronomy has opened a new window to the extreme Universe, entering into a fruitful era built upon the success of neutrino telescopes, which have already given a new step forward in this novel and growing field by the first observation of steady point-like sources already achieved by IceCube. Neutrino telescopes equipped with Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) will significantly increase in number, because of their excellent time resolution and the angular resolution, and will be in better condition to detect more steady sources as well as the unexpected. The use of SiPMs represents a challenge to the acquisition electronics because of the fast signals as well as the high levels of dark noise produced by SiPMs. The acquisition electronics need to include a noise rejection scheme by implementing a coincidence filter between channels. This work discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using SiPMs for the next generation of neutrino telescopes, focusing on the possible developments that could help for their adoption in the near future.  
  Address [Real, Diego; Calvo, David] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, IFIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Valencia 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mdpi Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:001038900800001 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration no  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5593  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Calvo, D.; Coleiro, A.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title KM3NeT front-end and readout electronics system: hardware, firmware, and software Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments and Systems Abbreviated Journal J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.  
  Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 046001 - 15pp  
  Keywords front-end electronics; readout electronics; neutrino telescope; KM3NeT  
  Abstract The KM3NeT research infrastructure being built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will host water-Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes will consist of large volume three-dimensional grids of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light from charged particles produced by neutrino-induced interactions. Each optical module houses 31 3-in. photomultiplier tubes, instrumentation for calibration of the photomultiplier signal and positioning of the optical module, and all associated electronics boards. By design, the total electrical power consumption of an optical module has been capped at seven Watts. We present an overview of the front-end and readout electronics system inside the optical module, which has been designed for a 1-ns synchronization between the clocks of all optical modules in the grid during a life time of at least 20 years. (C) 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)  
  Address [Aiello, Sebastiano; Leonora, Emanuele; Longhitano, Fabio; Randazzo, Nunzio] INFN, Sez Catania, Catania, Italy, Email: v.van.beveren@nikhef.nl;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2329-4124 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000510649500024 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4282  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo, D.; Coleiro, A.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lotze, M.; Real, D.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope to point-like neutrino sources Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Astroparticle Physics Abbreviated Journal Astropart Phys.  
  Volume 111 Issue Pages 100-110  
  Keywords Astrophysical neutrino sources; Cherenkov underwater neutrino telescope; KM3NeT  
  Abstract KM3NeT will be a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ARCA detector, to be installed at the Capo Passero site (Italy), is optimised for the detection of high-energy neutrinos of cosmic origin. Thanks to its geographical location on the Northern hemisphere, KM3NeT/ARCA can observe upgoing neutrinos from most of the Galactic Plane, including the Galactic Centre. Given its effective area and excellent pointing resolution, KM3NeT/ARCA will measure or significantly constrain the neutrino flux from potential astrophysical neutrino sources. At the same time, it will test flux predictions based on gamma-ray measurements and the assumption that the gamma-ray flux is of hadronic origin. Assuming this scenario, discovery potentials and sensitivities for a selected list of Galactic sources and to generic point sources with an E(-2 )spectrum are presented. These spectra are assumed to be time independent. The results indicate that an observation with 3 sigma significance is possible in about six years of operation for the most intense sources, such as Supernovae Remnants RX J1713.7-3946 and Vela Jr. If no signal will be found during this time, the fraction of the gamma-ray flux coming from hadronic processes can be constrained to be below 50% for these two objects.  
  Address [Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Tatone, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: sapienza@lns.infn.it;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Science Bv Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0927-6505 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000470047300008 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4047  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A Abbreviated Journal Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A  
  Volume 1040 Issue Pages 167132 - 13pp  
  Keywords Time calibration; Instrumentation; Neutrino telescopes  
  Abstract The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. A relative time synchronisation between photomultipliers of the nanosecond order needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 & nbsp;Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterisation of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices is critical for the time calibration. The optical pulse rise time has been quantified as less than 3 ns, while the Full Width Half Maximum is less than 6 ns. The wavelength drift, due to a variation of the supply voltage, has also been qualified as lower than 10 nm for the full range of the Nanobeacon. In this paper, more details about the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described.  
  Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: sagreus@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-9002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000841467100009 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5342  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Corredoira, I; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Muñoz Perez, D.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. doi  openurl
  Title Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments and Systems Abbreviated Journal J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.  
  Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 016001 - 24pp  
  Keywords neutrino telescope; acquisition firmware; time to digital converters; KM3NeT  
  Abstract The KM3NeT infrastructure consists of two deep-sea neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes will detect extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos by means of the incident photons induced by the passage of relativistic charged particles through the seawater as a consequence of a neutrino interaction. The telescopes are configured in a three-dimensional grid of digital optical modules, each hosting 31 photomultipliers. The photomultiplier signals produced by the incident Cherenkov photons are converted into digital information consisting of the integrated pulse duration and the time at which it surpasses a chosen threshold. The digitization is done by means of time to digital converters (TDCs) embedded in the field programmable gate array of the central logic board. Subsequently, a state machine formats the acquired data for its transmission to shore. We present the architecture and performance of the front-end firmware consisting of the TDCs and the state machine.  
  Address [Aiello, Sebastiano; Leonora, Emanuele; Longhitano, Fabio; Randazzo, Nunzio] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania, Italy, Email: dacaldia@ific.uv.es;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2329-4124 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000636679100031 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4784  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author (down) KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Corredoira, I; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title gSeaGen: The KM3NeT GENIE-based code for neutrino telescopes Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Computer Physics Communications Abbreviated Journal Comput. Phys. Commun.  
  Volume 256 Issue Pages 107477 - 15pp  
  Keywords Astroparticle physics; High energy neutrinos; Monte Carlo event generator; Neutrino telescopes; Neutrino oscillations; KM3NeT; GENIE  
  Abstract The gSeaGen code is a GENIE-based application developed to efficiently generate high statistics samples of events, induced by neutrino interactions, detectable in a neutrino telescope. The gSeaGen code is able to generate events induced by all neutrino flavours, considering topological differences between tracktype and shower-like events. Neutrino interactions are simulated taking into account the density and the composition of the media surrounding the detector. The main features of gSeaGen are presented together with some examples of its application within the KM3NeT project. Program summary Program Title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ External routines/libraries: GENIE [1] and its external dependencies. Linkable to MUSIC [2] and PROPOSAL [3]. Nature of problem: Development of a code to generate detectable events in neutrino telescopes, using modern and maintained neutrino interaction simulation libraries which include the state-of-the-art physics models. The default application is the simulation of neutrino interactions within KM3NeT [4]. Solution method: Neutrino interactions are simulated using GENIE, a modern framework for Monte Carlo event generators. The GENIE framework, used by nearly all modern neutrino experiments, is considered as a reference code within the neutrino community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE version 2.12.10 and it is linkable with release series 3. Presently valid up to 5 TeV. This limitation is not intrinsic to the code but due to the present GENIE valid energy range. References: [1] C. Andreopoulos at al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87. [2] P. Antonioli et al., Astropart. Phys. 7 (1997) 357. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] S. Adrian-Martinez et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001.  
  Address [Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: distefano_c@lns.infn.it  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0010-4655 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000564482200008 Approved no  
  Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes  
  Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4520  
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