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Guardiola, R., & Navarro, J. (2011). On the Lindemann Criterion for Quantum Clusters at Very Low Temperature. J. Phys. Chem. A, 115(25), 6843–6850.
Abstract: The Lindemann criterion to discern the solid-like or liquid-like nature of a quantum cluster at T = 0 is discussed. A critical analysis of current Lindemann parameters is presented and a new parameter is proposed that is appropriate to study quantum clusters made of identical particles. A simple model wave function is introduced to fix the range of variation of these parameters. The model presents two extreme limits that correspond to either a liquid-like or a solid-like system; besides, it fulfills the Bose symmetry and also permits evaluations without symmetrization. Variational and diffusion Monte Carlo calculations are also performed for clusters of spinless bosons interacting through Lennard-Jones potentials. It is shown that the liquid-like or solid-like character of quantum clusters at zero temperature cannot be simply established in terms of a single parameter.
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