Ikeno, N., Kimura, R., Yamagata-Sekihara, J., Nagahiro, H., Jido, D., Itahashi, K., et al. (2011). Precision Spectroscopy of Deeply Bound Pionic Atoms and Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in Medium. Prog. Theor. Phys., 126(3), 483–509.
Abstract: We study theoretically the formation spectra of deeply bound pionic atoms expected to be observed by experiments with high energy resolution at RIBF/RIKEN, and we discuss in detail the possibilities to extract new information on the pion properties at finite density from the observed spectra, which may provide information on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in medium. We find that the non-yrast pionic states such as 2s are expected to be seen in the (d,(3)He) spectra, which will be helpful to reduce uncertainties of the theoretical calculations in the neutron wave functions in nucleus. The observation of the 2s state with the ground is state is also helpful to reduce the experimental uncertainties associated in the calibration of the absolute excitation energy. We find that the nuclear densities probed by atomic pions are quite stable and almost constant for various atomic states and various nuclei. Effects of the pion wave function renormalization to the formation spectra are also evaluated.
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Ikeno, N., Yamagata-Sekihara, J., Nagahiro, H., Jido, D., & Hirenzaki, S. (2011). Formation of heavy-meson bound states by two-nucleon pick-up reactions. Phys. Rev. C, 84(5), 054609–7pp.
Abstract: We develop a model to evaluate the formation rate of the heavy mesic nuclei in two-nucleon pick-up reactions and apply it to the (6)Li target cases for the formation of heavy meson-alpha bound states, as examples. The existence of the quasideuteron in the target nucleus is assumed in this model. It is found that mesic nuclei formation in recoilless kinematics is possible even for heavier mesons than the nucleon in two-nucleon pick-up reactions. We find the formation rate of the meson-alpha bound states can be around half of the elementary cross sections at the recoilless kinematics with small distortions.
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Magas, V. K., Yamagata-Sekihara, J., Hirenzaki, S., Oset, E., & Ramos, A. (2010). Proton emission off nuclei induced by kaons in flight. Phys. Rev. C, 81(2), 024609–10pp.
Abstract: We study the (K-, p) reaction on nuclei with a 1 GeV/c momentum kaon beam, paying special attention to the region of emitted protons having kinetic energy above 600 MeV, which was used to claim a deeply attractive kaon nucleus optical potential. Our model describes the nuclear reaction in the framework of a local density approach and the calculations are performed following two different procedures: one is based on a many-body method using the Lindhard function and the other is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation method offers flexibility to account for processes other than kaon quasielastic scattering, such as K- absorption by one and two nucleons, producing hyperons, and allows consideration of final-state interactions of the K-, the p, and all other primary and secondary particles on their way out of the nucleus, as well as the weak decay of the produced hyperons into pi N. We find a limited sensitivity of the cross section to the strength of the kaon optical potential. We also show a serious drawback in the experimental setup-the requirement for having, together with the energetic proton, at least one charged particle detected in the decay counter surrounding the target-as we find that the shape of the original cross section is appreciably distorted, to the point of invalidating the claims made in the experimental paper on the strength of the kaon nucleus optical.
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Nagahiro, H., Hirenzaki, S., Oset, E., & Ramos, A. (2012). eta '-Nucleus optical potential and possible eta ' bound states. Phys. Lett. B, 709(1-2), 87–92.
Abstract: Starting from a recent model of the eta'N interaction, we evaluate the eta'-nucleus optical potential, including the contribution of lowest order in density, t rho/2m(eta'), together with the second-order terms accounting for eta' absorption by two nucleons. We also calculate the formation cross section of the eta' bound states from (pi(+), p) reactions on nuclei. The eta'-nucleus potential suffers from uncertainties tied to the poorly known eta'N interaction, which can be partially constrained by the experimental modulus of the eta'N scattering length and/or the recently measured transparency ratios in eta' nuclear photoproduction. Assuming an attractive interaction and taking the claimed experimental value vertical bar a(eta'N)vertical bar = 0.1 fm, we obtain an eta' optical potential in nuclear matter at saturation density of V eta' = -(8.7 + 1.8i) MeV, not attractive enough to produce eta' bound states in light nuclei. Larger values of the scattering length give rise to deeper optical potentials, with moderate enough imaginary parts. For a value vertical bar a(eta'N)vertical bar = 0.3 fm, which can still be considered to lie within the uncertainties of the experimental constraints, the spectra of light and medium nuclei show clear structures associated to eta'-nuclear bound states and to threshold enhancements in the unbound region.
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Tani, A., Ikeno, N., Jido, D., Nagahiro, H., Fujioka, H., Itahashi, K., et al. (2021). Structure of double pionic atoms. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 2021(3), 033D02–16pp.
Abstract: We study theoretically the structure of double pionic atoms, in which two negatively charged pions (pi(-)) are bound in the atomic orbits. The double pionic atom is considered to be an interesting system from the point of view of the multi-bosonic systems. In addition, it could be possible to deduce valuable information on the isospin I = 2 pi pi interaction and the pionnucleus strong interaction. In this paper, we take into account the pi pi strong and electromagnetic interactions, and evaluate the effects on the binding energies by perturbation theory for the double pionic atoms in heavy nuclei. We investigate several combinations of two pionic states and find that the order of magnitude of the energy shifts due to the pi pi interaction is around 10 keV for the strong interaction and around 100 keV for the electromagnetic interaction for the ground states.
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