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Barenboim, G., Calatayud-Cadenillas, A. M., Gago, A. M., & Ternes, C. A. (2024). Quantum decoherence effects on precision measurements at DUNE and T2HK. Phys. Lett. B, 852, 138626–11pp.
Abstract: We investigate the potential impact of neutrino quantum decoherence on the precision measurements of standard neutrino oscillation parameters in the DUNE and T2HK experiments. We show that the measurement of delta(CP), sin(2) theta(13) and sin(2) theta(23) is stronger effected in DUNE than in T2HK. On the other hand, DUNE would have a better sensitivity than T2HK to observe decoherence effects. By performing a combined analysis of DUNE and T2HK we show that a robust measurement of standard parameters would be possible, which is not guaranteed with DUNE data alone.
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Barenboim, G., Bosch, C., Lopez-Ibañez, M. L., & Vives, O. (2013). Eviction of a 125 GeV “heavy”-Higgs from the MSSM. J. High Energy Phys., 11(11), 051–39pp.
Abstract: We prove that the present experimental constraints are already enough to rule out the possibility of the similar to 125 GeV Higgs found at LHC being the second lightest Higgs in a general MSSM context, even with explicit CP violation in the Higgs potential. Contrary to previous studies, we are able to eliminate this possibility analytically, using simple expressions for a relatively small number of observables. We show that the present LHC constraints on the diphoton signal strength, tau tau production through Higgs and BR(B -> X-s gamma) are enough to preclude the possibility of H-2 being the observed Higgs with m(H) similar or equal to 125 GeV within an MSSM context, without leaving room for finely tuned cancellations. As a by-product, we also comment on the difficulties of an MSSM interpretation of the excess in the gamma gamma production cross section recently found at CMS that could correspond to a second Higgs resonance at m(H) similar or equal to 136 GeV.
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Barenboim, G., Ternes, C. A., & Tortola, M. (2019). New physics vs new paradigms: distinguishing CPT violation from NSI. Eur. Phys. J. C, 79(5), 390–7pp.
Abstract: Our way of describing Nature is based on local relativistic quantum field theories, and then CPT symmetry, a natural consequence of Lorentz invariance, locality and hermiticity of the Hamiltonian, is one of the few if not the only prediction that all of them share. Therefore, testing CPT invariance does not test a particular model but the whole paradigm. Current and future long baseline experiments will assess the status of CPT in the neutrino sector at an unprecedented level and thus its distinction from similar experimental signatures arising from non-standard interactions is imperative. Whether the whole paradigm is at stake or just the standard model of neutrinos crucially depends on that.
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Barenboim, G., Hirn, J., & Sanz, V. (2021). Symmetry meets AI. SciPost Phys., 11(1), 014–11pp.
Abstract: We explore whether Neural Networks (NNs) can discover the presence of symmetries as they learn to perform a task. For this, we train hundreds of NNs on a decoy task based on well-controlled Physics templates, where no information on symmetry is provided. We use the output from the last hidden layer of all these NNs, projected to fewer dimensions, as the input for a symmetry classification task, and show that information on symmetry had indeed been identified by the original NN without guidance. As an interdisciplinary application of this procedure, we identify the presence and level of symmetry in artistic paintings from different styles such as those of Picasso, Pollock and Van Gogh.
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Barenboim, G., Chen, J. Z., Hannestad, S., Oldengott, I. M., Tram, T., & Wong, Y. Y. Y. (2021). Invisible neutrino decay in precision cosmology. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 03(3), 087–53pp.
Abstract: We revisit the topic of invisible neutrino decay in the precision cosmological context, via a first-principles approach to understanding the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure phenomenology of such a non-standard physics scenario. Assuming an effective Lagrangian in which a heavier standard-model neutrino nu(H) couples to a lighter one nu(l) and a massless scalar particle phi via a Yukawa interaction, we derive from first principles the complete set of Boltzmann equations, at both the spatially homogeneous and the firstorder inhomogeneous levels, for the phase space densities of nu(H), nu(l), and phi in the presence of the relevant decay and inverse decay processes. With this set of equations in hand, we perform a critical survey of recent works on cosmological invisible neutrino decay in both limits of decay while nu(H) is ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic. Our two main findings are: (i) in the non-relativistic limit, the effective equations of motion used to describe perturbations in the neutrino-scalar system in the existing literature formally violate momentum conservation and gauge invariance, and (ii) in the ultra-relativistic limit, exponential damping of the anisotropic stress does not occur at the commonly-used rate Gamma(T) = (1/tau(0))( m(nu H)/E-nu H)(3), but at a rate similar to (1/ tau(0))(m(nu H)/E-nu H)(5). Both results are model-independent. The impact of the former finding on the cosmology of invisible neutrino decay is likely small. The latter, however, implies a significant revision of the cosmological limit on the neutrino lifetime tau(0) from tau(old)(0) greater than or similar to 1.2 x 10(9) s (m(nu H)/50 meV)(3) to tau(0) greater than or similar to (4 x 10(5) -> 4 x 10(6)) s (m(nu H)/50 meV)(5).
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Barenboim, G., Ternes, C. A., & Tortola, M. (2020). CPT and CP, an entangled couple. J. High Energy Phys., 07(7), 155–12pp.
Abstract: Even though it is undoubtedly very appealing to interpret the latest T2K results as evidence of CP violation, this claim assumes CPT conservation in the neutrino sector to an extent that has not been tested yet. As we will show, T2K results are not robust against a CPT-violating explanation. On the contrary, a CPT-violating CP-conserving scenario is in perfect agreement with current neutrino oscillation data. Therefore, to elucidate whether T2K results imply CP or CPT violation is of utter importance. We show that, even after combining with data from NO nu A and from reactor experiments, no claims about CP violation can be made. Finally, we update the bounds on CPT violation in the neutrino sector.
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Barenboim, G., & Hill, C. T. (2021). Sterile neutrinos, black hole vacuum and holographic principle. Eur. Phys. J. C, 81(2), 150–9pp.
Abstract: We construct an effective field theory (EFT) model that describes matter field interactions with Schwarzschild mini-black-holes (SBH's), treated as a scalar field, B0(x). Fermion interactions with SBH's require a complex spurion field, theta ij, which we interpret as the EFT description of “holographic information,” which is correlated with the SBH as a composite system. We consider Hawking's virtual black hole vacuum (VBH) as a Higgs phase, B0=V. Integrating sterile neutrino loops, the information field theta ij is promoted to a dynamical field, necessarily developing a tachyonic instability and acquiring a VEV of order the Planck scale. For N sterile neutrinos this breaks the vacuum to SU(N)xU(1)/SO(N) with N degenerate Majorana masses, and <mml:mfrac>12</mml:mfrac>N(N+1) Nambu-Goldstone neutrino-Majorons. The model suggests many scalars fields, corresponding to all fermion bilinears, may exist bound nonperturbatively by gravity.
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Barenboim, G., Denton, P. B., Parke, S. J., & Ternes, C. A. (2019). Neutrino oscillation probabilities through the looking glass. Phys. Lett. B, 791, 351–360.
Abstract: In this paper we review different expansions for neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter in the context of long-baseline neutrino experiments. We examine the accuracy and computational efficiency of different exact and approximate expressions. We find that many of the expressions used in the literature are not precise enough for the next generation of long-baseline experiments, but several of them are while maintaining comparable simplicity. The results of this paper can be used as guidance to both phenomenologists and experimentalists when implementing the various oscillation expressions into their analysis tools.
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Barenboim, G., & Nierste, U. (2021). Modified majoron model for cosmological anomalies. Phys. Rev. D, 104(2), 023013–6pp.
Abstract: The vacuum expectation value v(s) of a Higgs triplet field Delta carrying two units of lepton number L induces neutrino masses alpha v(s). The neutral component of Delta gives rise to two Higgs particles, a pseudoscalar A and a scalar S. The most general renormalizable Higgs potential V for Delta and the Standard-Model Higgs doublet Phi does not permit the possibility that the mass of either A or S is small, of order v(s), while the other mass is heavy enough to forbid the decay Z -> AS to comply with LEP 1 data. We present a model with additional dimension-6 terms in V, in which this feature is absent and either A or S can be chosen light. Subsequently we propose the model as a remedy to cosmological anomalies, namely the tension between observed and predicted tensor-to-scalar mode ratios in the cosmic microwave background and the different values of the Hubble constant measured at different cosmological scales. Furthermore, if Delta dominantly couples to the third-generation doublet L-tau = (v(tau), tau), the deficit of v(tau) events at IceCube can be explained. The singly and doubly charged triplet Higgs bosons are lighter than 280 GeV and 400 GeV, respectively, and could be found at the LHC.
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Barenboim, G., Turner, J., & Zhou, Y. L. (2021). Light neutrino masses from gravitational condensation: the Schwinger-Dyson approach. Eur. Phys. J. C, 81(6), 511–12pp.
Abstract: In this work we demonstrate that non-zero neutrino masses can be generated from gravitational interactions. We solve the Schwinger-Dyson equations to find a non-trivial vacuum thereby determining the neutrino condensate scale and the number of new particle degrees of freedom required for gravitationally induced dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. We show for minimal beyond the Standard Model particle content, the scale of the condensation occurs close to the Planck scale.
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