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Yao, D. L., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Hiller Blin, A. N., & Vicente Vacas, M. J. (2018). Weak pion production off the nucleon in covariant chiral perturbation theory. Phys. Rev. D, 98(7), 076004–25pp.
Abstract: Weak pion production off the nucleon at low energies has been systematically investigated in manifestly relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory with explicit inclusion of the Delta(1232) resonance. Most of the involved low-energy constants have been previously determined in other processes such as pion-nucleon elastic scattering and electromagnetic pion production off the nucleon. For numerical estimates, the few remaining constants are set to be of natural size. As a result, the total cross sections for single pion production on neutrons and protons, induced either by neutrino or antineutrino, are predicted. Our results are consistent with the scarce existing experimental data except in the nu(mu)n -> mu(-)n pi(+) channel, where higher-order contributions might still be significant. The Delta resonance mechanisms lead to sizeable contributions in all channels, especially in nu(mu)p -> mu(-) p pi(+), even though the considered energies are close to the production threshold. The present study provides a well-founded low-energy benchmark for phenomenological models aimed at the description of weak pion production processes in the broad kinematic range of interest for current and future neutrino-oscillation experiments.
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Yao, D. L., Fernandez-Soler, P., Albaladejo, M., Guo, F. K., & Nieves, J. (2018). Heavy-to-light scalar form factors from Muskhelishvili-Omnes dispersion relations. Eur. Phys. J. C, 78(4), 310–26pp.
Abstract: By solving the Muskhelishvili-Omnes integral equations, the scalar form factors of the semileptonic heavy meson decays D -> pi(l) over bar nu(l), D -> (K) over bar(l) over bar nu(l), (K) over bar -> pi(l) over bar nu(l) and (B) over bar (s) -> Kl (nu) over bar (l) are simultaneously studied. As input, we employ unitarized heavy meson-Goldstone boson chiral coupled-channel amplitudes for the energy regions not far from thresholds, while, at high energies, adequate asymptotic conditions are imposed. The scalar form factors are expressed in terms of Omn\`es matrices multiplied by vector polynomials, which contain some undetermined dispersive subtraction constants. We make use of heavy quark and chiral symmetries to constrain these constants, which are fitted to lattice QCD results both in the charm and the bottom sectors, and in this latter sector to the light-cone sum rule predictions close to q(2)=0 as well. We find a good simultaneous description of the scalar form factors for the four semileptonic decay reactions. From this combined fit, and taking advantage that scalar and vector form factors are equal at q(2)=0, we obtain |V-cd| = 0.244 +/- 0.022, |V-cs| = 0.945 +/- 0.041 and |V-ub| = (4.3 +/- 0.7)x10(-3) for the involved Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements. In addition, we predict the following vector form factors at q(2) = 0: |f(+)(D ->eta)(0)| = 0.01 +/- 0.05, |f(+)(Ds ->eta)(0)| = 0.50 +/- 0.08, |f(+)(Ds ->eta)(0)| = 0.73 +/- 0.03 and|f(+)((B) over bar ->eta)(0)| = 0.82 +/- 0.08, which might serve as alternatives to determine the CKM elements when experimental measurements of the corresponding differential decay rates become available. Finally, we predict the different form factors above the q(2)-regions accessible in the semileptonic decays, up to moderate energies amenable to be described using the unitarized coupled-channel chiral approach.
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Yang, Z., Cao, X., Guo, F. K., Nieves, J., & Pavon Valderrama, M. (2021). Strange molecular partners of the Z(c)(3900) and Z(c)(4020). Phys. Rev. D, 103(7), 074029–8pp.
Abstract: Quantum chromodynamics presents a series of exact and approximate symmetries which can be exploited to predict new hadrons from previously known ones. The Z(c)(3900) and Z(c)(4020), which have been theorized to be isovector D*(D) over bar and D*(D) over bar* molecules [I-G(J(PC)) = 1(-)(1)(+-))], are no exception. Here we argue that from SU(3)-flavor symmetry, we should expect the existence of strange partners of the Z(c)'s with hadronic molecular configurations D*(D) over bar (s) – D (D) over bar*(s) and D*(D) over bar*(s) (or, equivalently, quark content c (c) over bars (q) over bar, with q = u, d). The quantum numbers of these Z(cs) and Z(cs)* structures would be I(J(P)) = 1/2 (1(+)). The predicted masses of these partners depend on the details of the theoretical scheme used, but they should be around the D*(D) over bar (s) – D (D) over bar*(s) and D*(D) over bar*(s) thresholds, respectively. Moreover, any of these states could be either a virtual pole or a resonance. We show that, together with a possible triangle singularity contribution, such a picture nicely agrees with the very recent BESIII data of the e(+)e(-) -> K+((Ds-D*0) + D*D--(s)0).
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Yang, W. Q., Mena, O., Pan, S., & Di Valentino, E. (2019). Dark sectors with dynamical coupling. Phys. Rev. D, 100(8), 083509–11pp.
Abstract: Coupled dark matter-dark energy scenarios arc modeled via a dimensionless parameter xi, which controls the strength of their interaction. While this coupling is commonly assumed to be constant, there is no underlying physical law or symmetry that forbids a time-dependent xi parameter. The most general and complete interacting scenarios between the two dark sectors should therefore allow for such a possibility, and it is the main purpose of this study to constrain two possible and well-motivated coupled cosmologies by means of the most recent and accurate early- and late-time universe observations. We find that CMB data alone prefer xi(z) > 0 and therefore a smaller amount of dark matter, alleviating some crucial and well-known cosmological data tensions. An objective assessment of the Bayesian evidence for the coupled models explored here shows no particular preference for the presence of a dynamical dark sector coupling.
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Yang, W. Q., Di Valentino, E., Mena, O., Pan, S., & Nunes, R. C. (2020). All-inclusive interacting dark sector cosmologies. Phys. Rev. D, 101(8), 083509–15pp.
Abstract: In this paper we explore possible extensions of interacting dark energy cosmologies, where dark energy and dark matter interact nongravitationally with one another. In particular, we focus on the neutrino sector, analyzing the effect of both neutrino masses and the effective number of neutrino species. We consider the Planck 2018 legacy release data combined with several other cosmological probes, finding no evidence for new physics in the dark radiation sector. The current neutrino constraints from cosmology should therefore be regarded as robust, as they are not strongly dependent on the dark sector physics, once all the available observations are combined. Namely, we find a total neutrino mass g, < 0.15 eV and a number of effective relativistic degrees of freedom N-eff = 3.03(-0.33)(+0.33), both at 95% C.L., which are close to those obtained within the ACDM cosmology, M-v < 0.12 eV and N-eff = (+0.36)(-0.35), for the same data combination.
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Yang, W. Q., Di Valentino, E., Mena, O., & Pan, S. (2020). Dynamical dark sectors and neutrino masses and abundances. Phys. Rev. D, 102(2), 023535–17pp.
Abstract: We investigate generalized interacting dark matter-dark energy scenarios with a time-dependent coupling parameter, allowing also for freedom in the neutrino sector. The models are tested in the phantom and quintessence regimes, characterized by equations of state, w(x) < -1 and w(x) > -1, respectively. Our analyses show that for some of the scenarios, the existing tensions on the Hubble constant H-0 and on the clustering parameter S-8 can be significantly alleviated. The relief is either due to (a) a dark energy component which lies within the phantom region or (b) the presence of a dynamical coupling in quintessence scenarios. The inclusion of massive neutrinos into the interaction schemes does not affect either the constraints on the cosmological parameters or the bounds on the total number or relativistic degrees of freedom N-eff, which are found to be extremely robust and, in general, strongly consistent with the canonical prediction N-eff = 3.045. The most stringent bound on the total neutrino mass M-nu is M-nu, < 0.116 eV and it is obtained within a quintessence scenario in which the matter mass-energy density is only mildly affected by the presence of a dynamical dark sector coupling.
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Yang, W. Q., Di Valentino, E., Pan, S., & Mena, O. (2021). Emergent Dark Energy, neutrinos and cosmological tensions. Phys. Dark Universe, 31, 100762–9pp.
Abstract: The Phenomenologically Emergent Dark Energy model, a dark energy model with the same number of free parameters as the flat Lambda CDM, has been proposed as a working example of a minimal model which can avoid the current cosmological tensions. A straightforward question is whether or not the inclusion of massive neutrinos and extra relativistic species may spoil such an appealing phenomenological alternative. We present the bounds on M-nu and N-eff and comment on the long standing H-0 and sigma(8) tensions within this cosmological framework with a wealth of cosmological observations. Interestingly, we find, at 95% confidence level, and with the most complete set of cosmological observations, M-nu similar to 0.21(-0.14)(+0.15) eV and N-eff = 3.03 +/- 0.32 i.e. an indication for a non-zero neutrino mass with a significance above 2 sigma. The well known Hubble constant tension is considerably easened, with a significance always below the 2 sigma level. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Yang, W. Q., Pan, S., Di Valentino, E., Mena, O., & Melchiorri, A. (2021). 2021-H-0 odyssey: closed, phantom and interacting dark energy cosmologies. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 10(10), 008–21pp.
Abstract: Up-to-date cosmological data analyses have shown that (sigma) a closed universe is preferred by the Planck data at more than 99% CL, and (b) interacting scenarios offer a very compelling solution to the Hubble constant tension. In light of these two recent appealing scenarios, we consider here an interacting dark matter-dark energy model with a non-zero spatial curvature component and a freely varying dark energy equation of state in both the quintessential and phantom regimes. When considering Cosmic Microwave Background data only, a phantom and closed universe can perfectly alleviate the Hubble tension, without the necessity of a coupling among the dark sectors. Accounting for other possible cosmological observations compromises the viability of this very attractive scenario as a global solution to current cosmological tensions, either by spoiling its effectiveness concerning the H-0 problem, as in the case of Supernovae Ia data, or by introducing a strong disagreement in the preferred value of the spatial curvature, as in the case of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations.
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Yang, W. Q., Pan, S., Mena, O., & Di Valentino, E. (2023). On the dynamics of a dark sector coupling. J. High Energy Astrophys., 40, 19–40.
Abstract: Interacting dark energy models may play a crucial role in explaining several important observational issues in modern cosmology and also may provide a solution to current cosmological tensions. Since the phenomenology of the dark sector could be extremely rich, one should not restrict the interacting models to have a coupling parameter which is constant in cosmic time, rather allow for its dynamical behaviour, as it is common practice in the literature when dealing with other dark energy properties, as the dark energy equation of state. We present here a compendium of the current cosmological constraints on a large variety of interacting models, investigating scenarios where the coupling parameter of the interaction function and the dark energy equation of state can be either constant or dynamical. For the most general schemes, in which both the coupling parameter of the interaction function and the dark energy equation of state are dynamical, we find 95% CL evidence for a dark energy component at early times and slightly milder evidence for a dynamical dark coupling for the most complete observational data set exploited here, which includes CMB, BAO and Supernova Ia measurements. Interestingly, there are some cases where a dark energy component different from the cosmological constant case at early times together with a coupling different from zero today, can alleviate both the H-0 and S-8 tension for the full dataset combination considered here. Due to the energy exchange among the dark sectors, the current values of the matter energy density and of the clustering parameter sigma(8) are shifted from their ACDM-like values. This fact makes future surveys, especially those focused on weak lensing measurements, unique tools to test the nature and the couplings of the dark energy sector. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/).
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Yamamoto, H. (2021). The International Linear Collider Project-Its Physics and Status. Symmetry-Basel, 13(4), 674–15pp.
Abstract: The discovery of Higgs particle has ushered in a new era of particle physics. Even though the list of members of the standard theory of particle physics is now complete, the shortcomings of the theory became ever more acute. It is generally considered that the best solution to the problems is an electron-positron collider that can study Higgs particle with high precision and high sensitivity; namely, a Higgs factory. Among a few candidates for Higgs factory, the International Linear Collider (ILC) is currently the most advanced in its program. In this article, we review the physics and the project status of the ILC including its energy expandability.
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