| Records |
| Author |
Bernabeu, J. |
| Title |
Symmetries and Their Breaking in the Fundamental Laws of Physics |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Symmetry-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry-Basel |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1316 - 27pp |
| Keywords |
flavour families; colour charges; gauge symmetries; chirality; discrete symmetries; neutrinos; spontaneous breaking |
| Abstract |
Symmetries in the Physical Laws of Nature lead to observable effects. Beyond the regularities and conserved magnitudes, the last few decades in particle physics have seen the identification of symmetries, and their well-defined breaking, as the guiding principle for the elementary constituents of matter and their interactions. Flavour SU(3) symmetry of hadrons led to the Quark Model and the antisymmetric requirement under exchange of identical fermions led to the colour degree of freedom. Colour became the generating charge for flavour-independent strong interactions of quarks and gluons in the exact colour SU(3) local gauge symmetry. Parity Violation in weak interactions led us to consider the chiral fields of fermions as the objects with definite transformation properties under the weak isospin SU(2) gauge group of the Unifying Electro-Weak SU(2) x U(1) symmetry, which predicted novel weak neutral current interactions. CP-Violation led to three families of quarks opening the field of Flavour Physics. Time-reversal violation has recently been observed with entangled neutral mesons, compatible with CPT-invariance. The cancellation of gauge anomalies, which would invalidate the gauge symmetry of the quantum field theory, led to Quark-Lepton Symmetry. Neutrinos were postulated in order to save the conservation laws of energy and angular momentum in nuclear beta decay. After the ups and downs of their mass, neutrino oscillations were discovered in 1998, opening a new era about their origin of mass, mixing, discrete symmetries and the possibility of global lepton-number violation through Majorana mass terms and Leptogenesis as the source of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The experimental discovery of quarks and leptons and the mediators of their interactions, with physical observables in spectacular agreement with this Standard Theory, is the triumph of Symmetries. The gauge symmetry is exact only when the particles are massless. One needs a subtle breaking of the symmetry, providing the origin of mass without affecting the excellent description of the interactions. This is the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism, which produces the Higgs Boson as a remnant, discovered at CERN in 2012. Open present problems are addressed with by searching the New Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model. |
Address  |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Mdpi |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000564717500001 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4523 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J. |
| Title |
Discrete Symmetries CP,T,CPT |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Acta Physica Polonica B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Phys. Pol. B |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
417-424 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The role of symmetry breaking mechanisms to search for new physics is of highest importance. We discuss the status and prospects of the discrete symmetries CP, T, CPT looking for their separate violation in LHC experiments and meson factories. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46003 Valencia, Spain, Email: jose.bernabeu@uv.es |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0587-4254 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000373493700022 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2628 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Botella, F.J.; Nebot, M. |
| Title |
Genuine T, CP, CPT asymmetry parameters for the entangled B-d system |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
| Volume |
06 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
100 - 24pp |
| Keywords |
Discrete Symmetries; Space-Time Symmetries |
| Abstract |
The precise connection between the theoretical T, CP, CPT asymmetries, in terms of transition probabilities between the filtered neutral meson B-d states, and the experimental asymmetries, in terms of the double decay rate intensities for Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products in a B-d-factory of entangled states, is established. This allows the identification of genuine Asymmetry Parameters in the time distribution of the asymmetries and their measurability by disentangling genuine and possible fake terms. We express the nine asymmetry parameters three different observables for each one of the three symmetries in terms of the ingredients of the Weisskopf-Wigner dynamical description of the entangled B-d-meson states and we obtain a global fit to their values from the BaBar collaboration experimental results. The possible fake terms are all compatible with zero and the information content of the nine asymmetry parameters is indeed different. The non -vanishing Delta l(c)(T) = 0.687 +/- 0.020 and Delta l(c)(CP) = 0.680 +/- 0.021 are impressive separate direct evidence of Time -Reversal -violation and CP-violation in these transitions and compatible with Standard Model expectations. An intriguing 2 sigma effect for the Re(theta) parameter responsible of CPT -violation appears which, interpreted as an upper limit, leads to vertical bar M (B) over baro (B) over baro vertical bar MBoBo < 4.0 x 10(-5) eV at 95% C.L. for the diagonal flavour terms of the mass matrix. It contributes to the CP-violating Delta l(c)(CP) asymmetry parameter in an unorthodox manner – in its cos(Delta M t) time dependence-, and it is accessible in facilities with non-entangled B-d's, like the LHCb experiment. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000379028400001 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2752 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Segarra, A. |
| Title |
Do T asymmetries for neutrino oscillations in uniform matter have a CP-even component? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
| Volume |
03 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
103 - 12pp |
| Keywords |
CP violation; Discrete Symmetries; Neutrino Physics |
| Abstract |
Observables of neutrino oscillations in matter have, in general, contributions from the effective matter potential. It contaminates the CP violation asymmetry adding a fake effect that has been recently disentangled from the genuine one by their different behavior under T and CPT. Is the genuine T-odd CPT-invariant component of the CP asymmetry coincident with the T asymmetry? Contrary to CP, matter effects in uniform matter cannot induce by themselves a non-vanishing T asymmetry; however, the question of the title remained open. We demonstrate that, in the presence of genuine CP violation, there is a new non-vanishing CP-even, and so CPT-odd, component in the T asymmetry in matter, which is of odd-parity in both the phase delta of the flavor mixing and the matter parameter a. The two disentangled components, genuine A(alpha beta)(T;CP) and fake A(alpha beta)(T;CPT), could be experimentally separated by the measurement of the two T asymmetries in matter (nu(alpha) <-> nu(beta)) and ((nu) over bar <-> (nu) over bar (beta)). For the (nu(mu) <-> nu(e)) transitions, the energy dependence of the new A(mu e)(T;CPT) component is like the matter-induced term A(mu e)(CP;CPT) of the CP asymmetry which is odd under a change of the neutrino mass hierarchy. We have thus completed the physics involved in all observable asymmetries in matter by means of their disentanglement into the three independent components, genuine A(alpha beta)(CP;T) and fake A(alpha beta)(CP;CPT) and A(alpha beta)(T;CPT). |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, CSIC, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000462327100001 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3961 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Segarra, A. |
| Title |
Signatures of the genuine and matter-induced components of the CP violation asymmetry in neutrino oscillations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
063 - 26pp |
| Keywords |
CP violation; Discrete Symmetries; Neutrino Physics |
| Abstract |
CP asymmetries for neutrino oscillations in matter can be disentangled into the matter-induced CPT-odd (T-invariant) component and the genuine T-odd (CPT-invariant) component. For their understanding in terms of the relevant ingredients, we develop a new perturbative expansion in both m2| without any assumptions between m2 and a, and study the subtleties of the vacuum limit in the two terms of the CP asymmetry, moving from the CPT-invariant vacuum limit a 0 to the T-invariant limit m20. In the experimental region of terrestrial accelerator neutrinos, we calculate their approximate expressions from which we prove that, at medium baselines, the CPT-odd component is small and nearly -independent, so it can be subtracted from the experimental CP asymmetry as a theoretical background, provided the hierarchy is known. At long baselines, on the other hand, we find that (i) a Hierarchy-odd term in the CPT-odd component dominates the CP asymmetry for energies above the first oscillation node, and (ii) the CPT-odd term vanishes, independent of the CP phase , at E = 0.92 GeV (L/1300 km) near the second oscillation maximum, where the T-odd term is almost maximal and proportional to sin . A measurement of the CP asymmetry in these energy regions would thus provide separate information on (i) the neutrino mass ordering, and (ii) direct evidence of genuine CP violation in the lepton sector. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000449817300002 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3801 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Segarra, A. |
| Title |
Stimulated transitions in resonant atom Majorana mixing |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
| Volume |
02 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
017 - 16pp |
| Keywords |
Neutrino Physics; Beyond Standard Model; Global Symmetries |
| Abstract |
Massive neutrinos demand to ask whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. Majorana neutrinos are an irrefutable proof of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinoless double electron capture is not a process but a virtual Delta L = 2 mixing between a parent (A)Z atom and a daughter (A)(Z – 2) excited atom with two electron holes. As a mixing between two neutral atoms and the observable signal in terms of emitted two-hole X-rays, the strategy, experimental signature and background are different from neutrinoless double beta decay. The mixing is resonantly enhanced for almost degeneracy and, under these conditions, there is no irreducible background from the standard two-neutrino channel. We reconstruct the natural time history of a nominally stable parent atom since its production either by nature or in the laboratory. After the time periods of atom oscillations and the decay of the short-lived daughter atom, at observable times the relevant 'stationary" states are the mixed metastable long-lived state and the non-orthogonal short-lived excited state, as well as the ground state of the daughter atom. We find that they have a natural population inversion which is most appropriate for exploiting the bosonic nature of the observed atomic transitions radiation. Among different observables of the atom Majorana mixing, we include the enhanced rate of stimulated X-ray emission from the long-lived metastable state by a high-intensity X-ray beam: a gain factor of 100 can be envisaged at current XFEL facilities. On the other hand, the historical population of the daughter atom ground state can be probed by exciting it with a current pulsed optical laser, showing the characteristic absorption lines: the whole population can be excited in a shorter time than typical pulse duration. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, Calle Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, Email: Jose.Bernabeu@uv.es; |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1029-8479 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000424101600008 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3475 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Sabulsky, D.O.; Sanchez, F.; Segarra, A. |
| Title |
Neutrino mass and nature through its mediation in atomic clock interference |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2024 |
Publication |
AVS Quantum Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
AVS Quantum Sci. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
014410 - 8pp |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The absolute mass of neutrinos and their nature are presently unknown. Aggregate matter has a coherent weak charge leading to a repulsive interaction mediated by a neutrino pair. The virtual neutrinos are non-relativistic at micron distances, giving a distinct behavior for Dirac versus Majorana mass terms. This effective potential allows for the disentanglement of the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino via magnitude and distance dependence. We propose an experiment to search for this potential based on the concept that the density-dependent interaction of an atomic probe with a material source in one arm of an atomic clock interferometer generates a differential phase. The appropriate geometry of the device is selected using the saturation of the weak potential as a guide. The proposed experiment has the added benefit of being sensitive to gravity at micron distances. A strategy to suppress the competing Casimir-Polder interaction, depending on the electronic structure of the material source, as well as a way to compensate the gravitational interaction in the two arms of the interferometer is discussed. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose; Segarra, Alejandro] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, E-46100 Valencia, Spain, Email: jose.bernabeu@uv.es |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
AIP Publishing |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:001186930100001 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
6118 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Martinez-Vidal, F. |
| Title |
Time-Reversal Violation |
Type |
|
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. |
| Volume |
65 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
403-427 |
| Keywords |
time reversal; CP violation; T-odd products; electric dipole moments; B mesons; K mesons; EPR entanglement |
| Abstract |
The violation of CP symmetry between matter and antimatter in the neutral K and B meson systems is well established, with a high degree of consistency between all available experimental measurements and with the Standard Model of particle physics. On the basis of the up-to-now-unbroken CPT symmetry, the violation of CP symmetry strongly suggests that the behavior of these particles under weak interactions must also be asymmetric under time reversal T. Many searches for T violation have been performed and proposed using different observables and experimental approaches. These include T-odd observables, such as triple products in weak decays, and genuine observables, such as permanent electric dipole moments of nondegenerate stationary states and the breaking of the reciprocity relation. We discuss the conceptual basis of the required exchange of initial and final states with unstable particles, using quantum entanglement and the decay as a filtering measurement, for the case of neutral B and K mesons. Using this method, the BaBar experiment at SLAC has clearly observed T violation in B mesons. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose; Martinez-Vidal, Fernando] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Annual Reviews |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0163-8998 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000363473100017 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2430 |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Espinoza, C.; Mavromatos, N.E. |
| Title |
Cosmological constant and local gravity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
084002 - 7pp |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We discuss the linearization of Einstein equations in the presence of a cosmological constant, by expanding the solution for the metric around a flat Minkowski space-time. We demonstrate that one can find consistent solutions to the linearized set of equations for the metric perturbations, in the Lorentz gauge, which are not spherically symmetric, but they rather exhibit a cylindrical symmetry. We find that the components of the gravitational field satisfying the appropriate Poisson equations have the property of ensuring that a scalar potential can be constructed, in which both contributions, from ordinary matter and Lambda > 0, are attractive. In addition, there is a novel tensor potential, induced by the pressure density, in which the effect of the cosmological constant is repulsive. We also linearize the Schwarzschild-de Sitter exact solution of Einstein's equations ( due to a generalization of Birkhoff's theorem) in the domain between the two horizons. We manage to transform it first to a gauge in which the 3-space metric is conformally flat and, then, make an additional coordinate transformation leading to the Lorentz gauge conditions. We compare our non-spherically symmetric solution with the linearized Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric, when the latter is transformed to the Lorentz gauge, and we find agreement. The resulting metric, however, does not acquire a proper Newtonian form in terms of the unique scalar potential that solves the corresponding Poisson equation. Nevertheless, our solution is stable, in the sense that the physical energy density is positive. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose; Espinoza, Catalina] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain |
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| Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1550-7998 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000277205000057 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
460 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bernabeu, J.; Botella, F.J.; Nebot, M.; Segarra, A. |
| Title |
B-0 – (B)over-bar(0) entanglement for an ideal experiment for the direct CP violation phi(3)/gamma phase |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Physical Review D |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. D |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
054026 - 7pp |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
B-0-(B) over bar0 entanglement offers a conceptual alternative to the single charged B-decay asymmetry for the measurement of the direct CP-violating gamma/phi(3) phase. With f = J/Psi(L); J/Psi K-S and g = (pi pi)(0); (rho(L)rho(L))(0), the 16 time-ordered double-decay rate intensities to (f, g) depend on the relative phase between the f- and g-decay amplitudes given by gamma at tree level. Several constraining consistencies appear. An intrinsic accuracy of the method at the level of +/- 1 degrees could be achievable at Belle-II with an improved determination of the penguin amplitude to g channels from existing facilities. |
| Address |
[Bernabeu, Jose; Botella, Francisco J.; Nebot, Miguel] Univ Valencia, Dept Theoret Phys, Valencia 46100, Spain |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Amer Physical Soc |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2470-0010 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000882839300002 |
Approved |
no |
| Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
| Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5406 |
| Permanent link to this record |
