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KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
445 - 19pp |
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Abstract  |
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with similar to 6200 optical modules comprising a total of similar to 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to similar to 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a 5 sigma discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud (similar to 60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5-8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3-5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: mcolomer@apc.in2p3.fr; |
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Springer |
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English |
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1434-6044 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000671013200002 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4894 |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo, D.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Lotze, M.; Olcina, I.; Real, D.; Sanchez Garcia, A.; Tönnis, C.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
P12014 - 12pp |
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Keywords |
Instrument optimisation; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Neutrino detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes) |
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Abstract |
The KM3NeT research infrastructure, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will host neutrino telescopes for the identification of neutrino sources in the Universe and for studies of the neutrino mass hierarchy. These telescopes will house hundreds of thousands of photomultiplier tubes that will have to be operated in a stable and reliable fashion. In this context, the stability of the dark counts has been investigated for photomultiplier tubes with negative high voltage on the photocathode and held in insulating support structures made of 3D printed nylon material. Small gaps between the rigid support structure and the photomultiplier tubes in the presence of electric fields can lead to discharges that produce dark count rates that are highly variable. A solution was found by applying the same insulating varnish as used for the high voltage bases directly to the outside of the photomultiplier tubes. This transparent conformal coating provides a convenient and inexpensive method of insulation. |
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Address |
[Albert, A.; Belias, A.; Biagioni, A.; Capone, A.; Coleiro, A.; Cosquer, A.; Creusot, A.; D'Amico, A.; D'Onofrio, A.; Enzenhofer, A.; Grmek, A.; Heijboer, A.; Kappes, A.; Kouchner, A.; Leisos, A.; Miraglia, A.] Accademia Navale Livorno, I-57100 Livorno, Italy, Email: spokesperson@km3net.de |
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Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000395732500014 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
3041 |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Adrian-Martinez, S. et al); Barrios-Marti, J.; Calvo Diaz-Aldagalan, D.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Lotze, M.; Olcina, I.; Real, D.; Sanchez Garcia, A.; Tönnis, C.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Physics G |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys. G |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
084001 - 130pp |
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Keywords |
neutrino astronomy; neutrino physics; deep sea neutrino telescope; neutrino mass hierarchy |
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Abstract |
The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the high-energy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a three-dimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the galactic plane. One building block will be densely configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations. |
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Address |
[Adrian-Martinez, S.; Ardid, M.; Llorens Alvarez, C. D.; Martinez-Mora, J. A.; Saldana, M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Invest Gest Integrada Zonas Costeras, C Paranimf 1, E-46730 Gandia, Spain, Email: brunner@cppm.in2p3.fr; |
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Iop Publishing Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
0954-3899 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000381686700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2773 |
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Author |
Adrian-Martinez, S. et al; Calvo, D.; Real, D. |
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Title |
Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
68 - 11pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The NEMO Phase-2 tower is the first detector which was operated underwater for more than 1 year at the “record” depth of 3500 m. It was designed and built within the framework of the NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory) project. The 380 m high tower was successfully installed in March 2013 80 km offshore Capo Passero (Italy). This is the first prototype operated on the site where the Italian node of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope will be built. The installation and operation of the NEMO Phase-2 tower has proven the functionality of the infrastructure and the operability at 3500 m depth. A more than 1 year long monitoring of the deep water characteristics of the site has been also provided. In this paper the infrastructure and the tower structure and instrumentation are described. The results of long term optical background measurements are presented. The rates show stable and low baseline values, compatible with the contribution of K-40 light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. All these features confirm the stability and good optical properties of the site. |
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Address |
[Barbarito, E.; Ceres, A.; Circella, M.; Mongelli, M.; Sgura, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Via E Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy, Email: pellegriti@lns.infn.it; |
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Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
1434-6044 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000375280600001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
2659 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
26 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 sigma if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 sigma if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure Delta m(32)(2) and theta(23) were also estimated and found to be 85.10(-6) eV(2) and (<b>(+1.9)(-3.1))degrees for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10(-6) eV(2) and ((+2.0)(-7.0))degrees for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude (nu)over-left-right-arrow tau event rate variations larger than 20% at 3 sigma level. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: steffen.hallmann@fau.de; |
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Springer |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000741416700005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5081 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J. J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J. D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
KM3NeT broadcast optical data transport system |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
T02001 - 22pp |
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Keywords |
Cherenkov detectors; Data Processing; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Optics |
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Abstract |
The optical data transport system of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will provide more than 6000 optical modules in the detector arrays with a point-to-point optical connection to the control stations onshore. The ARCA and ORCA detectors of KM3NeT are being installed at a depth of about 3500 m and 2500 m, respectively and their distance to the control stations is about 100 kilometers and 40 kilometers. In particular, the two detectors are optimised for the detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above about 1 TeV (ARCA) and for the detection of atmospheric neutrinos with energies in the range 1 GeV-1 TeV (ORCA). The expected maximum data rate is 200 Mbps per optical module. The implemented optical data transport system matches the layouts of the networks of electro-optical cables and junction boxes in the deep sea. For efficient use of the fibres in the system the technology of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is applied. The performance of the optical system in terms of measured bit error rates, optical budget are presented. The next steps in the implementation of the system are also discussed. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000989217700001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5565 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
The KM3NeT multi-PMT optical module |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Instrum. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
P07038 - 28pp |
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Keywords |
Cherenkov detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Neutrino detectors |
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Abstract |
The optical module of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope is an innovative multi-faceted large area photodetection module. It contains 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes in a single 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module is a sensory device also comprising calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition. It is capped with a breakout-box with electronics for connection to an electro-optical cable for power and long-distance communication to the onshore control station. The design of the module was qualified for the first time in the deep sea in 2013. Since then, the technology has been further improved to meet requirements of scalability, cost-effectiveness and high reliability. The module features a sub-nanosecond timing accuracy and a dynamic range allowing the measurement of a single photon up to a cascade of thousands of photons, suited for the measurement of the Cherenkov radiation induced in water by secondary particles from interactions of neutrinos with energies in the range of GeV to PeV. A distributed production model has been implemented for the delivery of more than 6000 modules in the coming few years with an average production rate of more than 100 modules per month. In this paper a review is presented of the design of the multi-PMT KM3NeT optical module with a proven effective background suppression and signal recognition and sensitivity to the incoming direction of photons. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Italy, Italy, Email: km3net-pc@km3net.de |
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Publisher |
IOP Publishing Ltd |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1748-0221 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000898568200003 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5449 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Ardid, M.; Bou Cabo, M.; Calvo, D.; Diaz, A.F.; Gozzini, S.R.; Martinez-Mora, J.A.; Navas, S.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Science with Neutrino Telescopes in Spain |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Universe |
Abbreviated Journal |
Universe |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
89 - 25pp |
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Keywords |
neutrino; neutrino telescopes; neutrino astrophysics; neutrino properties; sea science |
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Abstract |
The primary scientific goal of neutrino telescopes is the detection and study of cosmic neutrino signals. However, the range of physics topics that these instruments can tackle is exceedingly wide and diverse. Neutrinos coming from outside the Earth, in association with other messengers, can contribute to clarify the question of the mechanisms that power the astrophysical accelerators which are known to exist from the observation of high-energy cosmic and gamma rays. Cosmic neutrinos can also be used to bring relevant information about the nature of dark matter, to study the intrinsic properties of neutrinos and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. Likewise, atmospheric neutrinos can be used to study an ample variety of particle physics issues, such as neutrino oscillation phenomena, the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, non-standard neutrino interactions, neutrino decays and a diversity of other physics topics. In this article, we review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes. |
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Address |
[Hernandez-Rey, Juan Jose; Calvo, David; Gozzini, Sara Rebecca; Real, Diego; Greus, Francisco Salesa; Losa, Agustin Sanchez; Zornoza, Juan de Dios; Zuniga, Juan] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, C Catedratico Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: juan.j.hernandez@ific.uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
WOS:000762321400001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5145 |
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Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Zornoza, J.D.; Manzaneda, M. |
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Title |
White Rabbit Expansion Board: Design, Architecture, and Signal Integrity Simulations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electronics |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
3394 - 16pp |
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Keywords |
subnanosecond synchronization; White Rabbit; IEEE Std 1588-2019; virtual prototyping |
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Abstract |
The White Rabbit protocol allows synchronization and communication via an optical link in an integrated, modular, and scalable manner. It provides a solution to those applications that have very demanding requirements in terms of synchronization. Field-programmable gate arrays are used to implement the protocol; additionally, special hardware is needed to provide the necessary clock signals used by the dual-mixer time difference for precise phase measurement. In the present work, an expansion board that allows for White Rabbit functionality is presented. The expansion board contains the oscillators required by the White Rabbit protocol, one running at 125 MHz and another at 124.922 MHZ. The architecture of this board includes two oscillator systems for tests and comparison. One is based on VCOs and another on crystal oscillators running at the desired frequencies. In addition, it incorporates a temperature sensor, from where the medium access control address is extracted, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a pulse-per-second output, and a USB UART to access the White Rabbit IP core at the field-programmable gate array. Finally, to ensure the quality of the layout design and guarantee the level of synchronization desired, the results of the power and signal integrity simulations are also presented. |
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Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David; de Dios Zornoza, Juan; Manzaneda, Mario] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es; |
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Mdpi |
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English |
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WOS:001056236300001 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
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no |
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IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5628 |
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Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
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Title |
Combined sensitivity of JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA to the neutrino mass ordering |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of High Energy Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. High Energy Phys. |
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Volume |
03 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
055 - 31pp |
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Keywords |
Neutrino Detectors and Telescopes (experiments); Oscillation |
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Abstract |
This article presents the potential of a combined analysis of the JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA experiments to determine the neutrino mass ordering. This combination is particularly interesting as it significantly boosts the potential of either detector, beyond simply adding their neutrino mass ordering sensitivities, by removing a degeneracy in the determination of Delta M-31(2) between the two experiments when assuming the wrong ordering. The study is based on the latest projected performances for JUNO, and on simulation tools using a full Monte Carlo approach to the KM3NeT/ORCA response with a careful assessment of its energy systematics. From this analysis, a 5 sigma determination of the neutrino mass ordering is expected after 6 years of joint data taking for any value of the oscillation parameters. This sensitivity would be achieved after only 2 years of joint data taking assuming the current global best-fit values for those parameters for normal ordering. |
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Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Italy, Italy, Email: nchau@apc.in2p3.fr; |
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Springer |
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English |
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1029-8479 |
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WOS:000767221800005 |
Approved |
no |
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Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
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Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5181 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
