Records |
Author |
ANTARES Collaboration (Albert, A. et al); Colomer, M.; Gozzini, R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan-Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
Search for neutrino counterparts of gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo during run O2 with the ANTARES telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
Volume |
80 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
487 - 9pp |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
An offline search for a neutrino counterpart to gravitational -wave (GW) events detected during the second observation run (02) of Advanced-LIGO and Advanced Virgo performed with ANTARES data is presented. In addition to the search for long tracks induced by pp, (17i,) charged current interactions, a search for showering events induced by interactions of neutrinos of any flavour is conducted. The severe spatial and time coincidence provided by the gravitational -wave alert allows regions above the detector horizon to be probed, extending the ANTARES sensitivity over the entire sky. The results of this all -neutrino -flavour and all -sky time dependent analysis are presented. The search for prompt neutrino emission within 500 s around the time of six GW events yields no neutrino counterparts. Upper limits on the neutrino spectral fluence and constraints on the isotropic energy radiated via high-energy neutrinos (from a few TeV to a few tens of PeV) are set for each GW event analysed. |
Address |
[Albert, A.; Drouhin, D.; Ruiz, R. Gracia; Huang, F.; Organokov, M.; Pradier, T.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Email: mcolomer@apc.in2p3.fr |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000538067700002 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4424 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
Volume |
81 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
445 - 19pp |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with similar to 6200 optical modules comprising a total of similar to 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to similar to 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a 5 sigma discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud (similar to 60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5-8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3-5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: mcolomer@apc.in2p3.fr; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000671013200002 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4894 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
Volume |
82 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
26 - 16pp |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 sigma if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 sigma if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure Delta m(32)(2) and theta(23) were also estimated and found to be 85.10(-6) eV(2) and (<b>(+1.9)(-3.1))degrees for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10(-6) eV(2) and ((+2.0)(-7.0))degrees for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude (nu)over-left-right-arrow tau event rate variations larger than 20% at 3 sigma level. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: steffen.hallmann@fau.de; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000741416700005 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5081 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
Volume |
82 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
317 - 16pp |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is unconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV-PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems, are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: lincetto@astro.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000780973500001 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5197 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
European Physical Journal C |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Eur. Phys. J. C |
Volume |
83 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
344 - 9pp |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmicray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by theMoon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 sigma and 6.2 sigma, and an angular resolution of sigma(res) = 0.49 degrees and sigma(res) = 0.66 degrees, respectively, consistent with the prediction of 0.53 degrees from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: brunner@cppm.in2p3.fr; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1434-6044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:001055357200004 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5631 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Real, D.; Calvo, D.; Zornoza, J.D.; Manzaneda, M. |
Title |
White Rabbit Expansion Board: Design, Architecture, and Signal Integrity Simulations |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Electronics |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
3394 - 16pp |
Keywords |
subnanosecond synchronization; White Rabbit; IEEE Std 1588-2019; virtual prototyping |
Abstract |
The White Rabbit protocol allows synchronization and communication via an optical link in an integrated, modular, and scalable manner. It provides a solution to those applications that have very demanding requirements in terms of synchronization. Field-programmable gate arrays are used to implement the protocol; additionally, special hardware is needed to provide the necessary clock signals used by the dual-mixer time difference for precise phase measurement. In the present work, an expansion board that allows for White Rabbit functionality is presented. The expansion board contains the oscillators required by the White Rabbit protocol, one running at 125 MHz and another at 124.922 MHZ. The architecture of this board includes two oscillator systems for tests and comparison. One is based on VCOs and another on crystal oscillators running at the desired frequencies. In addition, it incorporates a temperature sensor, from where the medium access control address is extracted, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a pulse-per-second output, and a USB UART to access the White Rabbit IP core at the field-programmable gate array. Finally, to ensure the quality of the layout design and guarantee the level of synchronization desired, the results of the power and signal integrity simulations are also presented. |
Address |
[Real, Diego; Calvo, David; de Dios Zornoza, Juan; Manzaneda, Mario] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Mdpi |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:001056236300001 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
no |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5628 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
ANTARES Collaboration (van Haren, H. et al); Aguilar, J.A.; Bigongiari, C.; Dornic, D.; Emanuele, U.; Gomez-Gonzalez, J.P.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Mangano, S.; Salesa, F.; Toscano, S.; Yepes, H.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep north-western Mediterranean Sea |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. |
Volume |
58 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
875-884 |
Keywords |
Acoustic ADCP observations; Optical photo-multiplier observations; Deep Mediteranean; ANTARES neutrino telescope; Episodic downward current; Bioluminescence; Dense water formation; Northern boundary current |
Abstract |
An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored at the deep-sea site of the ANTARES neutrino telescope near Toulon, France, thus providing a unique opportunity to compare high-resolution acoustic and optical observations between 70 and 170 m above the sea bed at 2475 m. The ADCP measured downward vertical currents of magnitudes up to 0.03 m s(-1) in late winter and early spring 2006. In the same period, observations were made of enhanced levels of acoustic reflection, interpreted as suspended particles including zooplankton, by a factor of about 10 and of horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s(-1). These observations coincided with high light levels detected by the telescope, interpreted as increased bioluminescence. During winter 2006 deep dense-water formation occurred in the Ligurian subbasin, thus providing a possible explanation for these observations. However, the 10-20 days quasi-periodic episodes of high levels of acoustic reflection, light and large vertical currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It is hypothesized that the main process allowing for suspended material to be moved vertically later in the year is local advection, linked with topographic boundary current instabilities along the rim of the 'Northern Current'. |
Address |
[van Haren, H] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje, Texel, Netherlands, Email: hans.van.haren@nioz.nl |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0967-0637 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000295115400006 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ elepoucu @ |
Serial |
770 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Corredoira, I; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
gSeaGen: The KM3NeT GENIE-based code for neutrino telescopes |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
Volume |
256 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
107477 - 15pp |
Keywords |
Astroparticle physics; High energy neutrinos; Monte Carlo event generator; Neutrino telescopes; Neutrino oscillations; KM3NeT; GENIE |
Abstract |
The gSeaGen code is a GENIE-based application developed to efficiently generate high statistics samples of events, induced by neutrino interactions, detectable in a neutrino telescope. The gSeaGen code is able to generate events induced by all neutrino flavours, considering topological differences between tracktype and shower-like events. Neutrino interactions are simulated taking into account the density and the composition of the media surrounding the detector. The main features of gSeaGen are presented together with some examples of its application within the KM3NeT project. Program summary Program Title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ External routines/libraries: GENIE [1] and its external dependencies. Linkable to MUSIC [2] and PROPOSAL [3]. Nature of problem: Development of a code to generate detectable events in neutrino telescopes, using modern and maintained neutrino interaction simulation libraries which include the state-of-the-art physics models. The default application is the simulation of neutrino interactions within KM3NeT [4]. Solution method: Neutrino interactions are simulated using GENIE, a modern framework for Monte Carlo event generators. The GENIE framework, used by nearly all modern neutrino experiments, is considered as a reference code within the neutrino community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE version 2.12.10 and it is linkable with release series 3. Presently valid up to 5 TeV. This limitation is not intrinsic to the code but due to the present GENIE valid energy range. References: [1] C. Andreopoulos at al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87. [2] P. Antonioli et al., Astropart. Phys. 7 (1997) 357. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] S. Adrian-Martinez et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: distefano_c@lns.infn.it |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0010-4655 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000564482200008 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4520 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Calvo, D.; Coleiro, A.; Colomer, M.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
The Control Unit of the KM3NeT Data Acquisition System |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
Volume |
256 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
107433 - 16pp |
Keywords |
KM3NeT; Data acquisition control; Neutrino detector; Astroparticle detector; 07.05.Hd; 29.85.Ca |
Abstract |
The KM3NeT Collaboration runs a multi-site neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. Water Cherenkov particle detectors, deep in the sea and far off the coasts of France and Italy, are already taking data while incremental construction progresses. Data Acquisition Control software is operating off-shore detectors as well as testing and qualification stations for their components. The software, named Control Unit, is highly modular. It can undergo upgrades and reconfiguration with the acquisition running. Interplay with the central database of the Collaboration is obtained in a way that allows for data taking even if Internet links fail. In order to simplify the management of computing resources in the long term, and to cope with possible hardware failures of one or more computers, the KM3NeT Control Unit software features a custom dynamic resource provisioning and failover technology, which is especially important for ensuring continuity in case of rare transient events in multi-messenger astronomy. The software architecture relies on ubiquitous tools and broadly adopted technologies and has been successfully tested on several operating systems. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: cbozza@unisa.it; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0010-4655 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:000590251400011 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
4616 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J. |
Title |
Embedded software of the KM3NeT central logic board |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Computer Physics Communications |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Comput. Phys. Commun. |
Volume |
296 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
109036 - 15pp |
Keywords |
Embedded software; Neutrino detectors; Synchronization networks |
Abstract |
The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes. Program summary Program title: Embedded software for the KM3NeT CLB CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/s847hpsns4.1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3 Programming language: C Nature of problem: The challenge for the embedded software in the KM3NeT neutrino telescope lies in orchestrating the Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) to achieve the synchronized data acquisition of the incoming optical signals. The DOMs are the crucial component responsible for capturing neutrino interactions deep underwater. The embedded software must configure and precisely time the operation of each DOM. Any deviation or timing mismatch could compromise data integrity, undermining the scientific value of the experiment. Therefore, the embedded software plays a critical role in coordinating, synchronizing, and operating these modules, ensuring they work in unison to capture and process neutrino signals accurately, ultimately advancing our understanding of fundamental particles in the Universe. Solution method: The embedded software on the DOMs provides a solution based on a C-based bare-metal application, operating without a real-time embedded OS. It is loaded into the RAM during FPGA configuration, consuming less than 256 kB of RAM. The software architecture comprises two layers: system software and application. The former offers OS-like features, including a multitasking scheduler, firmware updates, peripheral drivers, a UDP-based network stack, and error handling utilities. The application layer contains a state machine ensuring consistent program states. It is navigated via slow control events, including external inputs and autonomous responses. Subsystems within the application code control specific acquisition electronics components via the associated driver abstractions. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: Due to the operation conditions of the neutrino telescope, where access is restricted, the embedded software implements a fail-safe procedure to reconfigure the firmware where the embedded software runs. |
Address |
[Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: km3net-pc@km3net.de; |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0010-4655 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
WOS:001162587500001 |
Approved |
no |
Is ISI |
yes |
International Collaboration |
yes |
Call Number |
IFIC @ pastor @ |
Serial |
5961 |
Permanent link to this record |