TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asai, M.
AU  - Cortes-Giraldo, M. A.
AU  - Gimenez-Alventosa, V.
AU  - Gimenez, V.
AU  - Salvat, F.
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021//
TI  - The PENELOPE Physics Models and Transport Mechanics. Implementation into Geant4
T2  - Front. Physics
JO  - Frontiers in Physics
SP  - 738735 - 20pp
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media Sa
KW  - coupled electron-photon transport
KW  - Monte Carlo simulation
KW  - PENELOPE code system
KW  - random-hinge method
KW  - Geant4 toolkit
AB  - A translation of the penelope physics subroutines to C++, designed as an extension of the Geant4 toolkit, is presented. The Fortran code system penelope performs Monte Carlo simulation of coupled electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials for a wide energy range, nominally from 50 eV up to 1 GeV. Penelope implements the most reliable interaction models that are currently available, limited only by the required generality of the code. In addition, the transport of electrons and positrons is simulated by means of an elaborate class II scheme in which hard interactions (involving deflection angles or energy transfers larger than pre-defined cutoffs) are simulated from the associated restricted differential cross sections. After a brief description of the interaction models adopted for photons and electrons/positrons, we describe the details of the class-II algorithm used for tracking electrons and positrons. The C++ classes are adapted to the specific code structure of Geant4. They provide a complete description of the interactions and transport mechanics of electrons/positrons and photons in arbitrary materials, which can be activated from the G4ProcessManager to produce simulation results equivalent to those from the original penelope programs. The combined code, named PenG4, benefits from the multi-threading capabilities and advanced geometry and statistical tools of Geant4.
SN  - 2296-424x
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.738735
DO  - 10.3389/fphy.2021.738735
LA  - English
N1  - WOS:000742889400001
ID  - Asai_etal2021
ER  -