TY  - JOUR
AU  - Real, D.
AU  - Calvo, D.
AU  - Zornoza, J. D.
AU  - Manzaneda, M.
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023//
TI  - White Rabbit Expansion Board: Design, Architecture, and Signal Integrity Simulations
T2  - Electronics
JO  - Electronics
SP  - 3394 - 16pp
VL  - 12
IS  - 16
PB  - Mdpi
KW  - subnanosecond synchronization
KW  - White Rabbit
KW  - IEEE Std 1588-2019
KW  - virtual prototyping
AB  - The White Rabbit protocol allows synchronization and communication via an optical link in an integrated, modular, and scalable manner. It provides a solution to those applications that have very demanding requirements in terms of synchronization. Field-programmable gate arrays are used to implement the protocol; additionally, special hardware is needed to provide the necessary clock signals used by the dual-mixer time difference for precise phase measurement. In the present work, an expansion board that allows for White Rabbit functionality is presented. The expansion board contains the oscillators required by the White Rabbit protocol, one running at 125 MHz and another at 124.922 MHZ. The architecture of this board includes two oscillator systems for tests and comparison. One is based on VCOs and another on crystal oscillators running at the desired frequencies. In addition, it incorporates a temperature sensor, from where the medium access control address is extracted, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a pulse-per-second output, and a USB UART to access the White Rabbit IP core at the field-programmable gate array. Finally, to ensure the quality of the layout design and guarantee the level of synchronization desired, the results of the power and signal integrity simulations are also presented.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163394
DO  - 10.3390/electronics12163394
LA  - English
N1  - WOS:001056236300001
ID  - Real_etal2023
ER  -