PT Journal AU NEXT Collaboration (McDonald, ADea Alvarez, V Benlloch-Rodriguez, JM Botas, A Carcel, S Carrion, JV Diaz, J Felkai, R Ferrario, P Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Laing, A Liubarsky, I Lopez-March, N Martinez, A Muñoz Vidal, J Musti, M Nebot-Guinot, M Novella, P Palmeiro, B Perez, J Renner, J Rodriguez, J Simon, A Sofka, C Sorel, M Torrent, J Yahlali, N TI Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging SO Physical Review Letters JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PY 2018 BP 132504 EP 6pp VL 120 IS 13 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.132504 LA English AB A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of Xe-136 is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba++) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (similar to 2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9 sigma over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers. ER