PT Journal AU ATLAS Collaboration (Aad, Gea Amoros, G Bernabeu Verdu, J Cabrera Urban, S Castillo Gimenez, V Costa, MJ Escobar, C Ferrer, A Fuster, J Garcia, C Gonzalez de la Hoz, S Hernandez Jimenez, Y Higon-Rodriguez, E Irles Quiles, A Kaci, M Lacasta, C Lacuesta, VR Marti-Garcia, S Miñano, M Mitsou, VA Moles-Valls, R Moreno Llacer, M Oliver Garcia, E Perez Garcia-Estañ, MT Ros, E Salt, J Solans, CA Sanchez, J Torro Pastor, E Valladolid Gallego, E Valls Ferrer, JA Villaplana Perez, M Vos, M Wildauer, A TI The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration SO European Physical Journal C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PY 2010 BP 787 EP 821 VL 70 IS 3 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1366-7 LA English AB The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 μm and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks. ER