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Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Thakore, T.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 81 Issue 5 Pages 445 - 19pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with similar to 6200 optical modules comprising a total of similar to 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to similar to 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a 5 sigma discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud (similar to 60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5-8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3-5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented.
Address [Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: mcolomer@apc.in2p3.fr;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000671013200002 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 4894
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Illuminati, G.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 26 - 16pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 sigma if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 sigma if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure Delta m(32)(2) and theta(23) were also estimated and found to be 85.10(-6) eV(2) and (<b>(+1.9)(-3.1))degrees for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10(-6) eV(2) and ((+2.0)(-7.0))degrees for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude (nu)over-left-right-arrow tau event rate variations larger than 20% at 3 sigma level.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: steffen.hallmann@fau.de;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000741416700005 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5081
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Colomer, M.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pieterse, C.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 317 - 16pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract The KM3NeT research infrastructure is unconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV-PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems, are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: lincetto@astro.ruhr-uni-bochum.de;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:000780973500001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5197
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Khan Chowdhury, N.R.; Lazo, A.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 83 Issue 4 Pages 344 - 9pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmicray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by theMoon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 sigma and 6.2 sigma, and an angular resolution of sigma(res) = 0.49 degrees and sigma(res) = 0.66 degrees, respectively, consistent with the prediction of 0.53 degrees from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.] INFN, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: brunner@cppm.in2p3.fr;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001055357200004 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 5631
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Atmospheric muons measured with the KM3NeT detectors in comparison with updated numeric predictions Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 84 Issue 7 Pages 696 - 19pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of the cosmic ray flux, complementary to the information provided by fluorescence detectors. Detailed simulations of the cosmic ray air showers are carried out, using codes such as CORSIKA, to estimate the muon flux at sea level. These simulations are based on the choice of hadronic interaction models, for which improvements have been implemented in the post-LHC era. In this work, a deficit in simulations that use state-of-the-art QCD models with respect to the measurement deep underwater with the KM3NeT neutrino detectors is reported. The KM3NeT/ARCA and KM3NeT/ORCA neutrino telescopes are sensitive to TeV muons originating mostly from primary cosmic rays with energies around 10 TeV. The predictions of state-of-the-art QCD models show that the deficit with respect to the data is constant in zenith angle; no dependency on the water overburden is observed. The observed deficit at a depth of several kilometres is compatible with the deficit seen in the comparison of the simulations and measurements at sea level.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Melo, I. Tosta e] INFN, Sez Catania, INFN CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: vladimir.kulikovskiy@ge.infn.it;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001290702700001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6283
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Astronomy potential of KM3NeT/ARCA Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 84 Issue 9 Pages 885 - 17pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract The KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino detector is currently under construction at 3500 m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, in the Mediterranean Sea. The main science objectives are the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and the discovery of their sources. Simulations were conducted for the full KM3NeT/ARCA detector, instrumenting a volume of 1 km(3), to estimate the sensitivity and discovery potential to point-like neutrino sources. This paper covers the reconstruction of track- and shower-like signatures, as well as the criteria employed for neutrino event selection. With an angular resolution below 0.1 degrees for tracks and under 2 degrees for showers, the sensitivity to point-like neutrino sources surpasses existing observed limits across the entire sky.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania INFN CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: thijsvaneeden@gmail.com
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001325276300001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6319
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 638 Issue 8050 Pages 376-382
Keywords (up)
Abstract The detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above a teraelectronvolt (TeV) offers a unique exploration into astrophysical phenomena(1-3). Electrically neutral and interacting only by means of the weak interaction, neutrinos are not deflected by magnetic fields and are rarely absorbed by interstellar matter: their direction indicates that their cosmic origin might be from the farthest reaches of the Universe. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when ultra-relativistic cosmic-ray protons or nuclei interact with other matter or photons, and their observation could be a signature of these processes. Here we report an exceptionally high-energy event observed by KM3NeT, the deep-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea(4), which we associate with a cosmic neutrino detection. We detect a muon with an estimated energy of 120(-60)(+110) petaelectronvolts (PeV). In light of its enormous energy and near-horizontal direction, the muon most probably originated from the interaction of a neutrino of even higher energy in the vicinity of the detector. The cosmic neutrino energy spectrum measured up to now(5-7) falls steeply with energy. However, the energy of this event is much larger than that of any neutrino detected so far. This suggests that the neutrino may have originated in a different cosmic accelerator than the lower-energy neutrinos, or this may be the first detection of a cosmogenic neutrino(8), resulting from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons in the Universe.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Ferrara, G.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I.] INFN, Sez Catania, INFN CT, Catania, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Nature Portfolio Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001427012000001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6607
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title On the Potential Cosmogenic Origin of the Ultra-high-energy Event KM3-230213A Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication Astrophysical Journal Letters Abbreviated Journal Astrophys. J. Lett.
Volume 984 Issue 2 Pages L41 - 8pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract On 2023 February 13, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope observed a track-like event compatible with a ultra-high-energy muon with an estimated energy of 120 PeV, produced by a neutrino with an even higher energy, making it the most energetic neutrino event ever detected. A diffuse cosmogenic component is expected to originate from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with ambient photon and matter fields. The flux level required by the KM3NeT/ARCA event is, however, in tension with the standard cosmogenic neutrino predictions based on the observations collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array over the last decade of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays above the ankle (hence from the local Universe, z less than or similar to 1). We show here that both observations can be reconciled by extending the integration of the equivalent cosmogenic neutrino flux up to a redshift of zmax=6 and considering either source evolution effects or the presence of a subdominant independent proton component in the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray flux, thus placing constraints on known cosmic accelerators.
Address [Adriani, O.; Berti, E.; Betti, P.; Bottai, S.; Mori, N.; Pacini, L.; Papini, P.; Scaringella, M.] INFN, Sez Firenze, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Email: acondorelli@km3net.de;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2041-8205 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001481580600001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6675
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Measurement of the atmospheric νμ flux with six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication European Physical Journal C Abbreviated Journal Eur. Phys. J. C
Volume 85 Issue 8 Pages 871 - 11pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract A measurement of the atmospheric nu(mu) + (nu) over bar (mu) flux with energies between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The measurement has been performed using data taken with the first six detection units of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector, referred to as ORCA6. The data were collected between January 2020 and November 2021 and correspond to 510 days of livetime, with a total exposure of 433 kton.years. Using machine learning classification, 3894 neutrino candidate events have been selected with an atmospheric muon contamination of less than 1%. The atmospheric nu(mu) + (nu) over bar (mu) energy spectrum is derived using an unfolding procedure and the impact of systematic uncertainties is estimated. The atmospheric nu(mu) + (nu) over bar (mu) flux measured using the ORCA6 configuration is in agreement with the values measured by other experiments.
Address [Aiello, S.; Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I.] INFN, Sez Catania, INFN CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: dstavropoulos@inp.demokritos.gr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1434-6044 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001573299300001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6947
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
Title Addendum: Measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with the first six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA Type Journal Article
Year 2025 Publication Journal of High Energy Physics Abbreviated Journal J. High Energy Phys.
Volume 10 Issue 10 Pages 041 - 6pp
Keywords (up)
Abstract In this short note, references to data and analysis software to reproduce the results of the paper are given.
Address [Bruno, R.; Leonora, E.; Longhitano, F.; Randazzo, N.; Sinopoulou, A.; Tosta e Melo, I.] INFN, Sez Catania, CT, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: vcarretero@km3net.de
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes WOS:001619538100001 Approved no
Is ISI yes International Collaboration yes
Call Number IFIC @ pastor @ Serial 6989
Permanent link to this record