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	Author	KM3NeT Collaboration (Aiello, S. et al); Alves Garre, S.; Bariego-Quintana, A.; Calvo, D.; Carretero, V.; Cecchini, V.; Garcia Soto, A.; Gozzini, S.R.; Hernandez-Rey, J.J.; Lazo, A.; Lessing, N.; Manczak, J.; Palacios Gonzalez, J.; Pastor Gomez, E.J.; Prado, J.; Rahaman, U.; Real, D.; Saina, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Sanchez Losa, A.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zuñiga, J.
	Title	The Power Board of the KM3NeT Digital Optical Module: Design, Upgrade, and Production			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Electronics	Abbreviated Journal	Electronics
	Volume	13	Issue	11	Pages	2044 - 17pp
	Keywords	power supply; acquisition electronics; neutrino telescopes
	Abstract	The KM3NeT Collaboration is building an underwater neutrino observatory at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of two neutrino telescopes, both composed of a three-dimensional array of light detectors, known as digital optical modules. Each digital optical module contains a set of 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes distributed over the surface of a 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module also includes calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout, and data acquisition. The power board was developed to supply power to all the elements of the digital optical module. The design of the power board began in 2013, and ten prototypes were produced and tested. After an exhaustive validation process in various laboratories within the KM3NeT Collaboration, a mass production batch began, resulting in the construction of over 1200 power boards so far. These boards were integrated in the digital optical modules that have already been produced and deployed, which total 828 as of October 2023. In 2017, an upgrade of the power board, to increase reliability and efficiency, was initiated. The validation of a pre-production series has been completed, and a production batch of 800 upgraded boards is currently underway. This paper describes the design, architecture, upgrade, validation, and production of the power board, including the reliability studies and tests conducted to ensure safe operation at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea throughout the observatory's lifespan.
	Address	[Aiello, Sebastiano; Bruno, Riccardo; Leonora, Emanuele; Longhitano, Fabio; Randazzo, Nunzio; Sinopoulou, Anna; Tosta e Melo, Iara] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy, Email: sebastiano.aiello@ct.infn.it;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Mdpi	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001285365000001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	6233
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	Author	Real, D.; Calvo, D.
	Title	Low-Resource Time-to-Digital Converters for Field Programmable Gate Arrays: A Review			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	Sensors
	Volume	24	Issue	17	Pages	5512 - 15pp
	Keywords	time-to-digital converter; field-programmable gate array; low-resource time-to-digital converters
	Abstract	A fundamental aspect in the evolution of Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) implemented within Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), given the increasing demand for detection channels, is the optimization of resource utilization. This study reviews the principal methodologies employed for implementing low-resource TDCs in FPGAs. It outlines the foundational architectures and interpolation techniques utilized to bolster TDC performances without unduly burdening resource consumption. Low-resource Tapped Delay Line, Vernier Ring Oscillator, and Multi-Phase Shift Counter TDCs, including the use of SerDes, are reviewed. Additionally, novel low-resource architectures are scrutinized, including Counter Gray Oscillator TDCs and interpolation expansions using Process-Voltage-Temperature stable IODELAYs. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically assessed, with particular emphasis on resolution, precision, non-linearities, and especially resource utilization. A comprehensive summary table encapsulating existing works on low-resource TDCs is provided, offering a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field.
	Address	[Real, Diego; Calvo, David] Univ Valencia, IFIC Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, Paterna 46980, Spain, Email: real@ific.uv.es
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Mdpi	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001311766100001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	no
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	6254
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	Author	Fanchiotti, H.; Garcia Canal, C.A.; Mayosky, M.; Veiga, A.; Vento, V.
	Title	Measuring the Hannay geometric phase			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	American Journal of Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Am. J. Phys.
	Volume	90	Issue	6	Pages	430-435
	Keywords
	Abstract	The Hannay geometric phase is the classical analog of the well-known Berry phase. Its most familiar example is the effect of the latitude lambda on the motion of a Foucault pendulum. We describe an electronic network whose behavior is exactly equivalent to that of the pendulum. The circuit can be constructed from off-the-shelf components using two matched transconductance amplifiers that comprise a gyrator to introduce the non-reciprocal behavior needed to mimic the pendulum. One may precisely measure the dependence of the Hannay phase on lambda by circuit simulation and by laboratory measurements on a constructed circuit.
	Address	[Fanchiotti, H.; Canal, C. A. Garcia] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, CONICET, CC67, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	AIP Publishing	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9505	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000804547100009			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5276
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	Author	Ahyoune, S. et al; Gimeno, B.; Reina-Valero, J.
	Title	A Proposal for a Low-Frequency Axion Search in the 1-2 μeV Range and Below with the BabyIAXO Magnet			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Annalen der Physik	Abbreviated Journal	Ann. Phys.
	Volume	535	Issue	12	Pages	2300326 - 23pp
	Keywords	axions; dark matter; dark photons; haloscopes; IAXO
	Abstract	In the near future BabyIAXO will be the most powerful axion helioscope, relying on a custom-made magnet of two bores of 70 cm diameter and 10 m long, with a total available magnetic volume of more than 7 m(3). In this document, it proposes and describe the implementation of low-frequency axion haloscope setups suitable for operation inside the BabyIAXO magnet. The RADES proposal has a potential sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling g(alpha gamma) down to values corresponding to the KSVZ model, in the (currently unexplored) mass range between 1 and 2 μeV, after a total effective exposure of 440 days. This mass range is covered by the use of four differently dimensioned 5-meter-long cavities, equipped with a tuning mechanism based on inner turning plates. A setup like the one proposed will also allow an exploration of the same mass range for hidden photons coupled to photons. An additional complementary apparatus is proposed using LC circuits and exploring the low energy range (approximate to 10(-4)-10(-1)mu eV). The setup includes a cryostat and cooling system to cool down the BabyIAXO bore down to about 5 K, as well as an appropriate low-noise signal amplification and detection chain.
	Address	[Ahyoune, Saiyd; Cuendis, Sergio Arguedas; Miralda-Escude, Jordi] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Email: cogollos@mpp.mpg.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3804	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:001095932700001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5833
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	Author	Richard, J.M.; Valcarce, A.; Vijande, J.
	Title	Hall-Post inequalities: Review and application to molecules and tetraquarks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Annals of Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Ann. Phys.
	Volume	412	Issue		Pages	168009 - 32pp
	Keywords	Hall-Post inequality; Few Body; Molecule; Quark model; Baryons; Tetraquark
	Abstract	A review is presented of the Hall-Post inequalities that give lower-bounds to the ground-state energy of quantum systems in terms of energies of smaller systems. New applications are given for systems experiencing both a static source and inner interactions, as well as for hydrogen-like molecules and for tetraquarks in some quark models. In the latter case, the Hall-Post inequalities constrain the possibility of deeply-bound exotic mesons below the threshold for dissociation into two quark-antiquark mesons. We also emphasize the usefulness of the Hall-Post bounds in terms of 3-body energies when some 2-body subsystems are ill defined or do not support any bound state.
	Address	[Richard, Jean-Marc] Univ Lyon, Inst Phys Deux Infinis, IN2P3, CNRS,UCBL, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France, Email: j-m.richard@ipnl.in2p3.fr;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-4916	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000509419600017			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	4262
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	Author	Villanueva-Domingo, P.; Ichiki, K.
	Title	21 cm forest constraints on primordial black holes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan	Abbreviated Journal	Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn.
	Volume	75	Issue	SP1	Pages	S33-S49
	Keywords	dark matter; radio lines: ISM
	Abstract	Primordial black holes (PBHs) as part of the dark matter (DM) would modify the evolution of large-scale structures and the thermal history of the universe. Future 21 cm forest observations, sensitive to small scales and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM), could probe the existence of such PBHs. In this article, we show that the shot noise isocurvature mode on small scales induced by the presence of PBHs can enhance the amount of low-mass halos, or minihalos, and thus, the number of 21 cm absorption lines. However, if the mass of PBHs is as large as M-PBH greater than or similar to 10 M-circle dot, with an abundant enough fraction of PBHs as DM, f(PBH), the IGM heating due to accretion on to the PBHs counteracts the enhancement due to the isocurvature mode, reducing the number of absorption lines instead. The concurrence of both effects imprints distinctive signatures on the number of absorbers, allowing the abundance of PBHs to be bound. We compute the prospects for constraining PBHs with future 21 cm forest observations, finding achievable competitive upper limits on the abundance as low as f(PBH) similar to 10(-3) at M-PBH = 100 M-circle dot, or even lower at larger masses, in regions of the parameter space unexplored by current probes. The impact of astrophysical X-ray sources on the IGM temperature is also studied, which could potentially weaken the bounds.
	Address	[Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC, Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, Email: ichiki@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford Univ Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6264	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000768441900001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5168
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	Author	Panes, B.; Eckner, C.; Hendriks, L.; Caron, S.; Dijkstra, K.; Johannesson, G.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; Zaharijas, G.
	Title	Identification of point sources in gamma rays using U-shaped convolutional neural networks and a data challenge			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Astronomy & Astrophysics	Abbreviated Journal	Astron. Astrophys.
	Volume	656	Issue		Pages	A62 - 18pp
	Keywords	catalogs; gamma rays: general; astroparticle physics; methods: numerical; methods: data analysis; techniques: image processing
	Abstract	Context. At GeV energies, the sky is dominated by the interstellar emission from the Galaxy. With limited statistics and spatial resolution, accurately separating point sources is therefore challenging. Aims. Here we present the first application of deep learning based algorithms to automatically detect and classify point sources from gamma-ray data. For concreteness we refer to this approach as AutoSourceID. Methods. To detect point sources, we utilized U-shaped convolutional networks for image segmentation and k-means for source clustering and localization. We also explored the Centroid-Net algorithm, which is designed to find and count objects. Using two algorithms allows for a cross check of the results, while a combination of their results can be used to improve performance. The training data are based on 9.5 years of exposure from The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and we used source properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and pulsars (PSRs) from the fourth Fermi-LAT source catalog in addition to several models of background interstellar emission. The results of the localization algorithm are fed into a classification neural network that is trained to separate the three general source classes (AGNs, PSRs, and FAKE sources). Results. We compared our localization algorithms qualitatively with traditional methods and find them to have similar detection thresholds. We also demonstrate the robustness of our source localization algorithms to modifications in the interstellar emission models, which presents a clear advantage over traditional methods. The classification network is able to discriminate between the three classes with typical accuracy of similar to 70%, as long as balanced data sets are used in classification training. We published online our training data sets and analysis scripts and invite the community to join the data challenge aimed to improve the localization and classification of gamma-ray point sources.
	Address	[Panes, Boris] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Region Metropol, Chile, Email: bapanes@gmail.com
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Edp Sciences S A	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6361	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000725877600001			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5053
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	Author	Sanchis-Lozano, M.A.; Melia, F.; Lopez-Corredoira, M.; Sanchis-Gual, N.
	Title	Missing large-angle correlations versus even-odd point-parity imbalance in the cosmic microwave background			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Astronomy & Astrophysics	Abbreviated Journal	Astron. Astrophys.
	Volume	660	Issue		Pages	A121 - 10pp
	Keywords	cosmological parameters; cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; cosmology: theory; inflation; large-scale structure of Universe
	Abstract	Context. The existence of a maximum correlation angle (theta(max) & 60 greater than or similar to degrees) in the two-point angular temperature correlations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, measured by WMAP and Planck, stands in sharp contrast to the prediction of standard inflationary cosmology, in which the correlations should extend across the full sky (i.e., 180 degrees). The introduction of a hard lower cuto ff (k(min)) in the primordial power spectrum, however, leads naturally to the existence of theta(max). Among other cosmological anomalies detected in these data, an apparent dominance of odd-over-even parity multipoles has been seen in the angular power spectrum of the CMB. This feature, however, may simply be due to observational contamination in certain regions of the sky. Aims. In attempting to provide a more detailed assessment of whether this odd-over-even asymmetry is intrinsic to the CMB, we therefore proceed in this paper, first, to examine whether this odd-even parity imbalance also manifests itself in the angular correlation function and, second, to examine in detail the interplay between the presence of theta(max) and this observed anomaly. Methods. We employed several parity statistics and recalculated the angular correlation function for di fferent values of the cuto ff kmin in order to optimize the fit to the di fferent Planck 2018 data. Results. We find a phenomenological connection between these features in the data, concluding that both must be considered together in order to optimize the theoretical fit to the Planck 2018 data. Conclusions. This outcome is independent of whether the parity imbalance is intrinsic to the CMB, but if it is, the odd-over-even asymmetry would clearly point to the emergence of new physics.
	Address	[Sanchis-Lozano, M-A] Ctr Mixto Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, Spain, Email: Miguel.Angel.Sanchis@ific.uv.es;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Edp Sciences S A	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6361	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000786712000002			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5211
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	Author	Stoppa, F.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bloemen, S.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Caron, S.; Johannesson, G.; Ruiz de Austri, R.; van den Oetelaar, C.; Zaharijas, G.; Groot, P.J.; Cator, E.; Nelemans, G.
	Title	AutoSourceID-Light Fast optical source localization via U-Net and Laplacian of Gaussian			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Astronomy & Astrophysics	Abbreviated Journal	Astron. Astrophys.
	Volume	662	Issue		Pages	A109 - 8pp
	Keywords	astronomical databases; miscellaneous; methods; data analysis; stars; imaging; techniques; image processing
	Abstract	Aims. With the ever-increasing survey speed of optical wide-field telescopes and the importance of discovering transients when they are still young, rapid and reliable source localization is paramount. We present AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L), an innovative framework that uses computer vision techniques that can naturally deal with large amounts of data and rapidly localize sources in optical images. Methods. We show that the ASID-L algorithm based on U-shaped networks and enhanced with a Laplacian of Gaussian filter provides outstanding performance in the localization of sources. A U-Net network discerns the sources in the images from many different artifacts and passes the result to a Laplacian of Gaussian filter that then estimates the exact location. Results. Using ASID-L on the optical images of the MeerLICHT telescope demonstrates the great speed and localization power of the method. We compare the results with SExtractor and show that our method outperforms this more widely used method. ASID-L rapidly detects more sources not only in low- and mid-density fields, but particularly in areas with more than 150 sources per square arcminute. The training set and code used in this paper are publicly available.
	Address	[Stoppa, F.; Vreeswijk, P.; Bloemen, S.; Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: f.stoppa@astro.ru.nl
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Edp Sciences S A	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6361	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000818665600009			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5291
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	Author	HAWC Collaboration (Alfaro, R. et al); Salesa Greus, F.
	Title	Validation of standardized data formats and tools for ground-level particle-based gamma-ray observatories			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Astronomy & Astrophysics	Abbreviated Journal	Astron. Astrophys.
	Volume	667	Issue		Pages	A36 - 12pp
	Keywords	methods; data analysis; gamma rays; general
	Abstract	Context. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is still a rather young field of research, with strong historical connections to particle physics. This is why most observations are conducted by experiments with proprietary data and analysis software, as is usual in the particle physics field. However, in recent years, this paradigm has been slowly shifting toward the development and use of open-source data formats and tools, driven by upcoming observatories such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this context, a community-driven, shared data format (the gamma-astro-data-format, or GADF) and analysis tools such as Gammapy and ctools have been developed. So far, these efforts have been led by the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope community, leaving out other types of ground-based gamma-ray instruments. Aims. We aim to show that the data from ground particle arrays, such as the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, are also compatible with the GADF and can thus be fully analyzed using the related tools, in this case, Gammapy. Methods. We reproduced several published HAWC results using Gammapy and data products compliant with GADF standard. We also illustrate the capabilities of the shared format and tools by producing a joint fit of the Crab spectrum including data from six different gamma-ray experiments. Results. We find excellent agreement with the reference results, a powerful confirmation of both the published results and the tools involved. Conclusions. The data from particle detector arrays such as the HAWC observatory can be adapted to the GADF and thus analyzed with Gammapy. A common data format and shared analysis tools allow multi-instrument joint analysis and effective data sharing. To emphasize this, a sample of Crab nebula event lists is made public with this paper. Because of the complementary nature of pointing and wide-field instruments, this synergy will be distinctly beneficial for the joint scientific exploitation of future observatories such as the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory and CTA.
	Address	[Albert, A.; Durocher, M.; Harding, J. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA, Email: laura.olivera-nieto@mpi-hd.mpg.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Edp Sciences S A	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6361	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	WOS:000879223700008			Approved	no
	Is ISI	yes	International Collaboration	yes
	Call Number	IFIC @ pastor @			Serial	5408
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